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991.
Ashutosh Mukherjee Satyesh Chandra Roy S. De Bera Hong-En Jiang Xiao Li Cheng-Sen Li Subir Bera 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):481-485
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation and utilization is an ancient practice to human civilization. There are some controversies on the origin
and subsequent spread of this species. Ancient plant DNA has proven to be a powerful tool to solve phylogenetic problems.
In this study, ancient DNA was extracted from an archaeological specimen of Cannabis sativa associated with archaeological human remains from China. Ribosomal and Cannabis specific chloroplast DNA regions were PCR amplified. Sequencing of a species-specific region and subsequent comparison with
published sequences were performed. Successful amplification, sequencing and sequence comparison with published data suggested
the presence of hemp specific DNA in the archeological specimen. The role of Humulus japonicus Sieb. et Zucc. in the evolution of Cannabis is also indicated. The identification of ancient DNA of 2500 years old C. sativa sample showed that C. sativa races might have been introduced into China from the European–Siberian center of diversity. 相似文献
992.
Construction of chromosomal segment substitution lines and genetic dissection of introgressed segments associated with yield determination in the parents of a super‐hybrid rice 下载免费PDF全文
Xi Liu Zhigang Zhao Linglong Liu Yinghui Xiao Yunlu Tian Shi‐jia Liu Liangming Chen Yihua Wang Yuqiang Liu Saihua Chen Wenwei Zhang Chunming Wang Ling Jiang Jianmin Wan 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(1):63-72
Heterosis is a phenomenon whereby hybrids of inbred lines produce favourable phenotypes that exceed those of their parents. Traits of interest are higher yield and stronger stress tolerance. The two‐line super‐hybrid rice ‘Liangyoupei9’ (LYP9) shows superiority to both its elite inbred line ‘93‐11’ and ‘Pei'ai64s’ (‘PA64s’) parents and conventional hybrids. However, the genetic basis of its hybrid vigour, especially yield determination, remains elusive. In the present study, a set of 156 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying overlapping segments from ‘PA64s’ in a genetic background of ‘93‐11’ were constructed and planted in six environments. Three major agronomic traits, viz. panicle length (PL), heading date (HD) and plant height (PH), and five yield‐related traits, viz. grain weight per panicle (GWP), number of grains per panicle (GPP), 1000‐grain weight (TGW), seed set (SS) and number of panicles of per plant (PPP), were evaluated over 3 years. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a likelihood ratio test based on stepwise regression. Forty‐six putative QTL distributed on 11 chromosomes were detected in more than one year. Remarkably, GWP of four CSSLs carrying positive yield QTL outperformed the recurrent parent ‘93‐11’ by more than 15%, in at least two environments. These results indicate that CSSLs are effective in identifying yield‐associated traits, and lines harbouring such QTL will be rich in resources for future molecular breeding programmes. 相似文献
993.
小麦收获前种子发芽敏感性配合力的研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
选用5个收获前穗发芽敏感性不同的白皮小麦亲本品种,进行双列杂交,研究了发芽敏感性的配合力。结果表明:小麦收获前种子发芽敏感性同时受加性和非加性基因效应影响,而加性基因效应起主导作用;亲本品种发芽敏感性的一般配合力存在极显著差异,杂交组合的特殊配合力和反交效应方差则有时显著,有时不显著;白皮小麦杂交当代种子,以 相似文献
995.
哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum FJAT-9040对茄科尖孢镰刀菌具有较强拮抗作用。为跟踪分析该菌株在土壤中的存活与定殖特性,利用PEG-CaCl2介导的原生质体转化体系,筛选获得1株荧光性状稳定的菌株FJAT-9295,该菌株在生长速率、产孢量、对酸碱度和温度的适应性及对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌活性等方面与野生型菌株FJAT-9040无显著差异(P〉0.05)。同时,研究了菌株FJAT-9295在4种类型土壤中的定殖能力以及作物生长对该菌株在土壤中定殖的影响。结果表明:菌株在育苗土中定殖最好,其次为沙土及菜园土,黄泥土中定殖最差;种植茄子比未种植作物的土壤更有利于菌株的存活;菌株FJAT-9295在不同类型土壤中的菌落数随时间的延长均略有下降,16天后趋于稳定,维持在105 CFU/g,较初始接菌量下降了约1个数量级。 相似文献
996.
为了研究含有混合多种颗粒粒径的含沙水对离心泵过流部件磨损特性的影响,应用RN G k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,基于颗粒离散相模型(DPM)和半经验的McLaury磨损模型,沙粒注入选用Rosin-Rammler分布的拟合方法,对1台半开式离心泵内固液两相流的磨损特性进行数值分析.研究结果表明:叶轮流道内沙粒组分... 相似文献
997.
Yong Wang Yong-Jian Liu Li-Xia Tian Zhen-Yu Du Ji-Teng Wang Sheng Wang & Wei Ping Xiao 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1408-1413
A growth trial was conducted to feed juvenile tilapia (initial weight, 9.1±0.1 g), Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus, isonitrogenous diets for 8 weeks. Six diets were formulated containing 29% crude protein from casein and gelatin, 10% crude fat from soybean oil and refined soybean lecithin and varying levels of corn starch ranging from 6% to 46% at increments of 8%, with corresponding energy to protein (E/P) ratios of 35.6, 37.9, 40.2, 42.5, 44.8 and 47.1 kJ g?1. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed diets with starch ≥22% (or E/P ratio ≥40.2 kJ g?1) than in fish fed diets with 6% or 14% starch (or E/P ratio of 35.6 or 37.9 kJ g?1). No further improvement was measured when dietary starch content increased beyond 22%. Body protein retention showed the same general pattern as WG, and was highest in fish fed the 22% starch diet. Body composition was significantly affected by dietary starch level. Fish fed diets with starch ≥30% had significantly higher lipid content than fish fed diets with 6% or 14% starch. Ash content was negatively correlated with starch inclusion level, but moisture and protein contents did not show discernible trends among treatments. Results indicate that hybrid tilapia can utilize 46% dietary starch without growth retardation, while 22% starch in feed for juvenile tilapia containing 29% protein and 10% lipid, or an E/P ratio of 37.9 kJ g?1 is optimal. 相似文献
998.
Shihao Gong Cuicui Tian Pei Hong Donde Oscar Omondi Qijia Cai Xingqiang Wu Chunbo Wang Bangding Xiao 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(10):3392-3404
Journal of Soils and Sediments - Currently, effective methods to eliminate nitrate in wastewater with a low C/N ratio are urgently needed. Considering that sediment is the main nitrogen removal... 相似文献
999.
BTOPMC(block-wise use of TOPMODEL(TOPgraphic MODEL,基于地形的水文模型)with the Muskingum-Cunge method,分块应用TOPMODEL和马斯京根-康吉汇流方法)是一个具有较强物理基础的分布式流域水文模型,主要用于教学和流域研究,模型有待软件化,以便用于流域作业预报和水资源管理。该文采用多层架构体系设计了该模型的计算机系统,形成了BTOPMC/SCAU(south china agricultural university),系统由数据层、模型层、通信层、数据表达层和用户操作层组成,运行环境采用客户端/服务端模式。提供手动和自动2种参数率定模式,自动率定采用SCE-UA(shuffled complex evolution developed at university of arizona)全局最优算法,内置7种目标函数。采用Open MP(open multi-processing,开放式多处理)多核并发编程技术在产汇流模块实现了多核并行计算。系统为流域水文作业预报和水资源管理提供了精致的方法和简便工具。 相似文献
1000.
四川柑橘适宜分布及其对气候变化的响应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
柑橘是四川省和我国主要水果产品之一。以气候为主的环境变化,对作物空间布局产生了显著影响。为合理优化柑橘生产空间,本研究基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt)构建柑橘适宜分布与环境变量的关系模型,运用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)检测模型精度,刀切法(Jackknife)筛选主导环境变量;采用ArcGIS技术对比1980年、2010年四川柑橘适宜区分布,揭示近30 a气候变化背景下四川省柑橘适宜区的分布与变化情况。结果显示:四川柑橘适宜性的主导环境变量主要体现为以光、热、水为特征的气候环境变量。近30 a四川省气候暖干化的变化趋势改变了区域生态系统的结构和功能,引起了柑橘种植适宜区的时空变化。1980—2010年柑橘种植适宜性空间格局呈现出2个变化特征,一是高适宜区呈整体向北迁移的趋势,主要分布在成都平原区与川东北地区过渡地区;中适宜区界线向东南方迁移。二是适宜性级别呈现出逐级调整,低、中适宜区的等级调整变化明显。2010年高适宜区面积约为4.22万km2,中适宜区4.19万km2,低适宜区4.4万km2,大部分地区为不适宜区。以高适宜区为参照,通过政策措施,政府部门可增加在川南地区、成都平原地区南部的柑橘生产布局。本研究客观地反映了气候变化下,四川省柑橘种植适宜性变化特征,合理确定了柑橘适宜性面积及分布,为柑橘空间优化提供了科学依据。最大熵模型在对物种分布进行准确模拟和预测时具有较强应用价值,对作物气候适宜性区划具有重要指导意义。但对于不同区域和作物应选取合适的环境变量、空间尺度和物种采样位置,减少系统累计误差,提高作物气候适宜区划定精度。 相似文献