小麦对条锈病的水平抗病性研究初报

将小麦品种采用随机区组的田间设计种于小种病圃中,以鉴定和测定其水平抗性。根据各个“品种——小种”组合的相对病情指数的方差分析的结果,有些品种,如农大311、西农6028和丰产3号,其品种——小种互作高度显著,被鉴定为具有垂直抗性,另外一些品种,对试验所用的小种并无专化性,并且在大田生产中已显出20多年的持久的中度抗性,初步推测为属水平抗性。在后一类中,有些品种,如平原50,表现为中等反应型,其余则属于呈典型感病的迟锈慢锈类型。在迟锈慢锈品种的病指的对数矫正值(logits)和病圃的锈病强度(以感病对照品种的病指表之)的对数矫正值之间发现了直线回归。     

Decay of female sexual behavior under parthenogenesis

A laboratory strain of Drosophila mercatorum has existed for 20 years without males and therefore without natural selection operating to maintain the genetic basis of female mating behavior. The females of this strain have recently experienced a genetic impairment of mating capacity. This observation exemplifies the mode of evolution of vestigial characters and supports Muller's theory that random mutation will tend to destroy the genetic basis of a character from which selection has been removed.     

毛花雀稗混播草地建植技术初探

试验探讨了建植毛花雀稗混播草地的最佳草种组合和播种量,结果表明,毛花雀稗(30cm×30cm≈7000株)+黑麦草(每667m2为0.5kg)+白三叶(每667m2为0.15kg)在独山气候条件下的生产性能显著高于其他组合。     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

Effect of Yigu capsule drug-containing serum on apoptosis and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase secretion in rat osteoclasts

AIM:The effects of Yigu capsule on tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) secretion and apoptosis in rat osteoclasts were investigated in order to further explore its mechanism of preventing and treating osteoporosis.METHODS:(1) Twenty-month-old Sprague-daweley rats were randomly divided into two groups(Yigu capsule group and saline group), and the drug-containing serum and control serum were prepared. (2) The newborn Sprague-daweley rat osteoclasts were cultured with different concentrations of Yigu capsule drug-containing serum. At different time point, TRAP activity was measured and the survival osteoclast was counted under reverse microscope.The percentage of osteoclast apoptosis was observed under fluorescence microscope after acridine orange staining.RESULTS:TRAP activity was lower and the percentage of osteoclast apoptosis was higher in drug-containing serum group than in control group at 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01), respectively, and the survival osteoclasts were less in drug-containing serum group than in control groups at 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that Yigu capsule drug-containing serum induces apoptosis and inhibits TRAP activity in osteoclasts, which may be one of the mechanisms of Yigu capsule preventing and treating osteoporosis.     

棉铃虫性诱剂诱捕器的改进及其应用研究

利用废弃的食用油油壶制成棉铃虫诱捕器,可提高诱蛾的效果。挡板距诱捕器器口的距离以3cm的效果最佳。与常规水钵、水盆诱捕器相比较,全年诱蛾总量分别增加116.3％和减少79.8％,但诱蛾灵敏度均高出18.72％。     

一个马铃薯Y病毒山东分离物的分离与鉴定

 从具有典型花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)(本文称PVY-SD-TA分离物),扩繁后,提纯病毒,电镜下可观察到700~900 nm×11 nm的病毒粒体,病组织超薄切片观察可见风轮状的内含体结构,寄主反应特性研究表明其能侵染2科13种植物。SDS-PAGE电泳检测病毒编码的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量为33 kDa。以PVY-SD-TA基因组RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法和特异引物合成了外壳蛋白基因。对cDNA全序列分析表明,PVY-SD-TA CP基因核苷酸序列与N株系的同源性为96%,与GenBank中登录序列号为AJ390306的O株系分离物的同源性最高,为99%;与国内不同学者报道的PVY中国流行株的同源性分别为96%,97%和98%。通过以上生物学特性和分子水平的研究将PVY-SD-TA鉴定为普通株系(PVY^O株系)。     

金针菇果冻的研制

以金针菇子实体或深层培养所获得的菌丝体为原料，以普通果冻加工工艺为基础，将金针菇与果冻有机结合，所制得的产品不仅色、香、味、形俱佳。而且营养丰富，健康性强，成本低廉，方便食用，是一种新型营养性果冻，消费市场广阔。该生产工艺同样适用于其它食用菌的加工。     

淡紫拟青霉菌料防治大豆胞囊线虫的后效研究

淡紫拟青霉不同菌株的培养菌料，施２２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，对大豆胞囊线虫不但当年有４５％～６９％的较好防效，而且第２年和第３年仍然有２２．５％～３７．７％和７．３％～２２．９％的后效，即空胞囊和被寄生的胞囊数量增加。