天水市小麦有害生物综合防治技术体系

１９８６－１９９０年，根据小麦主要有害生物的种群动态规律和发生为害特点，初步建立起小麦有害生物综合防治技术体系，每年示范面积３３３３．３ｈａ，有效地控制了小麦有害生物的发生为害，经济效益比为１：７．６，社会和生态效益显著。     

杂交稻稻瘟菌致病菌系的组成及其变化

对四川省大面积主栽杂交稻组合汕优６３、汕优２号上的稻瘟病菌进行生理小种测定的结果表明，致病菌系由多个生理小种群组成，其中以ＺＢ、ＺＣ群小种为主。用不同生理小种的菌株接种汕优２号和汕优６３的结果表明：ＺＢ群小种对汕优２号的致病频率最高，为１００％，而不同生理小种群对汕优６３的致病频率无显著差异，平均为７５％。致使这两个杂交稻组合丧失抗性的菌株来自四川省发病多年的常规稻、雄性不育系和早熟杂交稻组合。四     

水稻主要病虫综合治理效益评估方法

水稻主要稻虫综合治理是一个多输入输出的管理系统，作者层次法引入水稻病虫综合防治效益评估研究。采用专家咨询、数学分析等手段建立了水稻病虫综合防治效益评估层次模型，对总目标、亚目标、准则，指层要的权重值进行科学评估，并对指标层各个要素建立定量化方法，从而建立了一整套综合防治效益定量评估方法，通过对４个综合防治点１９９２－１９９３年早、晚委的综合防治总体效益进行评估，评估结果基本客观地反映了当前水稻ＩＥ     

辣椒田蟋蟀种类、生活规律与综合防治的研究

辣椒田蟋蟀有5种。北京油葫芦 Teleogryllus emma Ohmaehi et Matsumura 为陕西关中灌区椒田的主要种。大扁头蟋 Loxoblemmus doenitzi Stein 为不同生态区的常见种。各种蟋蟀在陕西1年均发生1代,以卵越冬,4月下旬孵化盛期,4月下旬—9月上旬若虫发生期,8月下旬—9月下旬成虫发生盛期。8—9月是为害辣椒的关键时期。蟋蟀具有较强的趋光性、趋化性,有趋向于渠边、地边的习性,18—19时为日活动高峰。地膜、杂草孳生、生长势郁闭、麦糠(草)覆盖及混作的椒田,种群数量大,为害严重。早期田间挖窝诱蛛、插种玉水、花生、繁育天敌,中期溜施毒土,后期毒饵诱杀,是控制蟋蟀为害的有效措施。     

稻瘟病抗源TETEP的抗性遗传及其应用

稻瘟病抗源 Tetep 和品种华矮837的杂种后代接种菌株82-0461(ZB_(15)),通过杂交法和累积分布曲线法分析抗病基因组成,结果表明:Tetep 对菌株82-0461(ZB_(15))的抗性由两个主效基因和微效基因共同控制,并且两个主效基因之间存在加性作用。     

柑桔脚腐病研究

 本研究证明Phytophthora parasitica是我国柑桔脚腐病病原菌之一;高温多雨有利本病盛发;据对51个柑桔种质资源抗病性测定结果表明:枳、枳橙、枳柚、大叶金豆、酸橙等19个种类或品种对本病具有高抗或抗病,福桔、尤力克柠檬等14种材料为感病或重感病型,其余18个为中抗或中感型;防治试验证明,瑞毒霉(metalaxyl)、乙磷铝(phosethyl-Al)、甲霜铝铜(①metalaxyl②aluminum tris)等杀菌剂对病树有明显的治疗作用。利用抗病砧木靠接对缓解该病危害具有事半功倍的效果。     

羊草草原对喷施稀土元素的生理生态学反应

稀土元素在农作物中的应用已取得了很好的效果。本文则把稀土元素应用到天然羊草草原上,通过喷施稀土元素的小区试验,调查羊草的株高、叶长、叶宽、鲜重和干重,发现喷施稀土元素能促进羊草的生长,增加植株重量。因此,对羊草草原喷施稀土元素是一条提高草地生产力的有希望途径。     

Recessive Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in Barley

ABSTRACT Barley genotypes Abyssinian 14, BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei identified thus far in North America. Astrix, BBA 809, Bigo, Cambrinus, Emir, Heils Franken, Hiproly, I5, Mazurka, Trumpf, and Varunda have specific resistance to certain races, whereas Topper and Steptoe are susceptible to all races. Seedlings of parents and F(1), F(2), and F(3) progeny from crosses of resistant genotypes with Topper and Steptoe were tested for resistance to North American P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races PSH-1, PSH-4, PSH-10, PSH-13, and PSH-20. When tested with PSH-1, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, BBA 2890, Bigo, Hiproly, and Grannelose Zweizeilige; two recessive genes were detected in Emir, I5, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, Varunda, and Astrix; and one dominant gene and one recessive gene were detected in Abyssinian 14 and Stauffers Obersulzer. In tests with PSH-4, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, two recessive genes were detected in Trumpf, and two partially recessive genes were detected in Astrix. In tests with PSH-13, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, I5, and PI 548708 and two recessive genes were detected in Abyssinian 14, Hiproly, PI 548734, and PI 548747. In tests with PSH-20, one recessive gene was detected in Bigo and a recessive gene and a dominant gene were detected in Heils Franken. A gene in Cambrinus for resistance to PSH-10 and a gene in Mazurka for resistance to PSH-20 were dominant on the basis of the response of the first seedling leaf but recessive on the basis of the response of the second leaf. Four different types of epistasis were detected. Information on the number of genes, mode of inheritance, and nonallelic gene interactions should be useful in understanding the host-pathogen interaction and in breeding barley for resistance to stripe rust.     

家蚕中肠酸性磷酸酶细胞化学的研究

应用超微结构酶细胞化学技术研究了家蚕幼虫中肠ＡＣＰａｓｅ 活性的亚细胞分布,结果表明ＡＣＰａｓｅ 主要分布在圆筒形细胞的细胞核内,核周围的内质网及溶酶体中,杯形细胞的细胞核、细胞底部的内褶膜上也有少量的酶活性存在。不同数量性状的蚕品种间圆筒形细胞细胞核内的ＡＣＰａｓｅ 活性分布有显著差异。