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141.
Assessing the productivity of indigenous chickens in an extensive management system in southern Nyanza, Kenya 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Portas Odula Olwande William O. Ogara Samwel O. Okuthe Gerald Muchemi Edward Okoth Maurice O. Odindo Rubin F. Adhiambo 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(2):283-288
The present study was conducted to assess the performance of indigenous chickens under extensive system in southern Nyanza, Kenya. The study was carried out in two phases in Komolorume and Kawere villages in Rongo and Rachuonyo districts, respectively. The first phase was a cross-sectional study in 81 farms selected by cluster sampling to get the overview of the indigenous chicken production. A four-month prospective longitudinal study in 60 farms randomly selected from the previous 81 farms followed. Mean flock sizes per household were 20 and 18 birds in Komolorume and Kawere, respectively. Overall mean flock size was 19 birds ranging from 1to 64. The mean clutch size, egg weight and hatchability were 12 eggs, 48 g and 81% respectively in Komolorume and 10 eggs, 45 g and 70%, respectively, in Kawere. The chick survival rates to the age of eight weeks were 13% and 10% in Komolorume and Kawere, respectively. Mean live weights for cocks and hens were 2096 g and 1599 g in Komolorume and 2071 g and 1482 g in Kawere, respectively. The mean household cock to hen ratio was 2:5 and 2:4 for Komolorume and Kawere, respectively. The mean chick to grower to adult ratio per household was 8: 6:6 in Komolorume and 8:4:6 in Kawere. Clutch sizes and hatchability rates were significantly higher in Komolorume village (P?<?0.5). The productivity of the indigenous chickens was shown to be low compared to that of the improved chickens in other parts of the world. 相似文献
142.
Claudia Spadavecchia Olivier Levionnois Peter Kronen Ole K. Andersen 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):337-344
The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of isoflurane at approximately the minimum alveolar concentration (peri-MAC) on the temporal summation (TS) of reflex activity in ponies. TS was evoked by repeated electrical stimulations applied at 5 Hz for 2 s on the digital nerve of the left forelimb of seven ponies. Surface electromyographic activity was recorded from the deltoid and common digital extensor muscles. TS thresholds and amplitude of response to stimulations of increasing intensities were assessed during anaesthesia at 0.85, 0.95 and 1.05 times the individual MAC, and after anaesthesia in standing animals. Under isoflurane anaesthesia, TS thresholds increased significantly in a concentration-dependent fashion and at each isoflurane MAC, the responses increased significantly for increasing stimulation intensities. A concentration-dependent depression of evoked reflexes with a reduction in the slopes of the stimulus–response function was observed for both muscles. The results demonstrated that with this model it is possible to describe and quantify the effects of anaesthetics on spinal sensory-motor processing in ponies. 相似文献
143.
Many northern hardwood understory plants have medicinal properties but their cost of production under conventional cultivation
practices is fairly high. Therefore wild harvesting continues putting the natural populations at risk. Their cultivation in
a forest farming system seems a promising alternative. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of canopy opening and
soil fertility on growth and active component production of four medicinal plants: black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), wild ginger (Asarum canadense), blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) and bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis). Rhizome sections were planted in two sugar maple forests. Mortality and total leaf area were monitored during 3 years,
while subplots were harvested at the end of the second year for biomass and active component analyses. Multiple regressions
indicated that all species responded more to acidity related elements (pH, Al, Al + H, Fe, Zn) than to soil fertility (Ca,
K, Mg, P, C/N, base saturation and cation exchange capacity). This suggests that adjusting the pH by liming could be appropriate.
Growth increased with irradiance, except for blue cohosh, indicating that forest openings could also be part of an appropriate
forest management plan for their cultivation. While active component concentrations of rhizomes and roots increased in conditions
that negatively affected growth, such as low pH, soil fertility or light availability, their total active component content
exhibited responses that were similar to those of the growth variables. Thus, it seems that soil and light conditions that
favour the growth of these medicinal plants also favour their total yield in active components. 相似文献
144.
Amanda D. Bambrick Joann K. Whalen Robert L. Bradley Alain Cogliastro Andrew M. Gordon Alain Olivier Naresh V. Thevathasan 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):343-353
Land use affects the carbon sequestration potential of soils across landscapes. Tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems where
annual crops are grown between established tree rows are expected to exhibit spatial heterogeneity in the soil organic carbon
(SOC) content due to differences in carbon input and decomposition rates of litter from trees and herbaceous plants. This
study aimed to quantify variability in the SOC of TBI systems, compare the SOC content of TBI and nearby conventional agroecosystems,
and determine if SOC was related to soil fertility. The TBI research sites were established 4 years (St. Paulin and St. Edouard,
Quebec, Canada), 8 years (St. Remi, Quebec, Canada) and 21 years (Guelph, Ontario, Canada) before soil samples were collected
for this study. The SOC content was greater within 0.75 m of the tree row than in the intercropped space at the St. Edouard
and St. Remi sites. At the Guelph site, the SOC was spatially heterogeneous in plots with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) but not hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra clone DN-177), probably due to litterfall distribution. Formerly a tree plantation, the TBI system at St. Remi contained
77% more SOC than a nearby conventional agroecosystem, while there was 12% more SOC in the TBI system than the conventional
agroecosystem at Guelph. There was no difference in the SOC content of 4-year old TBI sites and nearby conventional agroecosystems.
However, an increase in SOC at all TBI sites was positively related to the plant-available N concentrations, indicating the
benefit of temperate TBI systems for soil fertility. 相似文献
145.
Thibaut Olivier Vaidevutis Šveikauskas Elisabeth Demonty Kris De Jonghe Pascal Gentit Mojca Viršček-Marn Sabine Grausgruber-Gröger Sébastien Morio Francesco Faggioli Michèle Visage Frédéric Fauche Maria Gusina Marta Luigi Helena Lasner Irena Mavrič-Pleško 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(3):645-654
146.
Tognolini M Giorgio C Hassan Mohamed I Barocelli E Calani L Reynaud E Dangles O Borges G Crozier A Brighenti F Del Rio D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):8877-8884
The Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands play a central role in human cancer as their deregulated expression induces tumorigenesis with aggressive phenotypes. To evaluate their potential contribution to EphA2-ephrinA1 modulation, several colonic catabolites of dietary (poly)phenolics, known to be generated in vivo, were screened using an ELISA-based binding assay. Some of the catabolites inhibited the binding in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50) values from 0.26 to 43 μM). Functional studies on prostate adenocarcinoma cells revealed that pyrogallol and protocatechuic acid specifically antagonized ephrinA1-Fc-induced EphA2 phosphorylation at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. The active concentrations of pyrogallol appear to be close to what can be reached in vivo under physiological conditions. Finally, because of the roles played by the Eph-ephrin system not only in cancer development but also in neurodegeneration and diabetes, pyrogallol and protocatechuic acid are candidates for more detailed functional studies to elucidate their role in these pathophysiological processes. 相似文献
147.
148.
Coline Druart Maurice Millet Renaud Scheifler Olivier Delhomme Annette de Vaufleury 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(8):1373-1384
Purpose
The aim of this work was to assess the transfer and effects of two widely used herbicides on the land snail Helix aspersa during long-term exposure under laboratory conditions. 相似文献149.
150.
Antoine Decamp Orane Michelo Christelle Rabbat Cline Laroche Dominique Grizeau Jrmy Pruvost Olivier Gonalves 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
In this work, a new methodological approach, relying on the high specificity of enzymes in a complex mixture, was developed to estimate the composition of bioactive polysaccharides produced by microalgae, directly in algal cultures. The objective was to set up a protocol to target oligomers commonly known to be associated with exopolysaccharides’ (EPS) nutraceutical and pharmaceutical activities (i.e., rhamnose, fucose, acidic sugars, etc.) without the constraints classically associated with chromatographic methods, while maintaining a resolution sufficiently high to enable their monitoring in the culture system. Determination of the monosaccharide content required the application of acid hydrolysis (2 M trifluoroacetic acid) followed by NaOH (2 M) neutralization. Quantification was then carried out directly on the fresh hydrolysate using enzyme kits corresponding to the main monosaccharides in a pre-determined composition of the polysaccharides under analysis. Initial results showed that the enzymes were not sensitive to the presence of TFA and NaOH, so the methodology could be carried out on fresh hydrolysate. The limits of quantification of the method were estimated as being in the order of the log of nanograms of monosaccharides per well, thus positioning it among the chromatographic methods in terms of analytical performance. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the enzymatic method with a reference method (high-performance anion-exchange chromatography) confirmed good recovery rates, thus validating the closeness of the protocol. Finally, analyses of raw culture media were carried out and compared to the results obtained in miliQ water; no differences were observed. The new approach is a quick, functional analysis method allowing routine monitoring of the quality of bioactive polysaccharides in algal cultures grown in photobioreactors. 相似文献