孟氏隐唇瓢虫捕食湿地松粉蚧的研究

本文采用生命表技术，研究孟氏隐唇瓢虫林间直接散放，取食湿地松粉蚧后的繁殖情况，结果表明：罩笼内孟氏隐唇瓢虫成虫出现２０天，其种群数量增加２７．２倍；在中心点散放成虫，６天后，在半径２０ｍ范围内均有幼虫发现，其最高密度为１２头／梢；２０天后，林间５３株松树均有该瓢虫幼虫分布，其最高密度已超过１００头／株。说明孟氏隐唇瓢虫取食湿地松粉蚧能充分满足其生长发育的基本条件。     

玉米对丝黑穗病抗性遗传规律的研究

 作者在玉米品种资源对丝黑穗病抗性鉴定的基础上,用6个抗性不同的自交系,按双列杂交设计,进行了玉米对丝黑穗病抗性配合力和遗传力的研究。结果表明:玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性遗传主要受加性基因控制。不同玉米自交系之间的抗性配合力存在着极显著差异。故在玉米抗丝黑穗病育种时,既要重视抗原的筛选,又要对抗原进行抗病性配合力的测定。     

土壤湿度对东亚小花蝽越冬存活率的影响

１９９１～１９９３年在北京对东亚小花蝽的越冬进行了研究。结果表明：东亚小花蝽以交配或未交配的雌成虫越冬。越冬场所的土壤湿度影响小花蝽的存活率。３月中旬检查，室外自然条件下，越冬存活率为７．７４％。在控制土壤含水量（４％、１２％和２０％）的条件下，越冬存活率随土壤水分的增加而递增，水分２０％时存活率最高，平均为８１．１１％。３月中旬气温回升后将越冬小花蝽雌成虫移入７℃的冰箱，贮存至５月上旬，存活率为５５％，而自然条件下小花蝽已全部死亡     

New mite-borne virus isolates from rakkyo,shallot and wild leek species

Flexuous viruses were transmitted from rakkyo (Allium chinense) and wild leek species (especiallyA. commutatum) to plants of crow garlic (A. vineale), by transfer of dry bulb mites. By electron microscope decoration tests using three antisera and by inoculations onto test plants, it was concluded that from each of the two natural host species at least two viruses were isolated. The viruses from wild leeks are both pathogenic onAllium spp. and may be of economic importance. Decoration tests on a virus mixture from shallot obtained earlier, revealed another new mite-borne virus in this species. The mite-borne viruses ofAllium spp. appear to be very common; they are largely diverse and their identification remains difficult.     

无致病力产细菌素拮抗菌nQE-104在番茄植株上定殖能力的研究

 本文报道青枯菌的无致病力产细菌素拮抗菌nOE-104番茄根表和体内的定殖能力及其对致病菌LE-101的抑制作用.浸根和茎部针刺接种试验结果表明:nOE-104可以在番茄根表定殖,并且能进入部分番茄植株体内沿维管束扩展.拮抗菌nOE-104菌液浸根处理后5天,nOE-104在番茄根表的数量稳定在10⁴~10⁵(CFU/主根),两周以后其数量逐渐下降.浸根处理后5天,nOE-104在番茄体内的数量稳定在10⁵~10⁶(CHU/克组织)。番茄苗用拮抗菌nOE-104菌液浸根后移栽,然后再在土壤中添加致病菌LE-101处理的植株,其根表和体内的nOE-104对LE-101的增殖有抑制作用.     

药剂浸种对菜心增产效果的研究初报

采用OPAL HA202和“保得”对菜心进行浸种处理,可以促进菜心地上部分生长,增加干物质的积累,提早抽薹,有明显的增产作用,其中以OPAL HA202 200倍液处理增产效果最为显著。     

牛羊4种寄生虫病联合诊断技术的研究与应用

疫区牛羊同时寄生有捻转血矛线虫、日本血吸虫、伊氏锥虫和肝片吸虫等多种寄生虫。目前血清学诊断方法对这 4种寄生虫病的检测需 2～ 4次操作。将捻转血矛线虫、日本血吸虫、伊氏锥虫和肝片吸虫抗原分别以 0 1 5 ,0 0 4 ,0 0 6和 0 1 3μg/ μL的最佳浓度依次定点在同一硝酸纤维素膜条上 ,制成 4种寄生虫病联合诊断膜。用黄牛IgG ,水牛IgG和山羊IgG联合免疫兔 ,获得了高效价兔抗黄牛、水牛和山羊 (简称兔抗牛羊 )IgG抗血清。应用兔抗牛羊IgG抗血清连接酶标SPA ,建立了 1份血纸能同时用于检测牛、羊捻转血矛线虫、日本血吸虫、伊氏锥虫和肝片吸虫病抗体技术。经浙江、湖北、四川、安徽等省应用 ,该项技术具有省工、省时、经济、实用等优点。适宜于牛、羊捻转血矛线虫、日本血吸虫、伊氏锥虫和肝片吸虫病流行区的普查或监测     

我国甘蓝抗病育种研究进展和展望

总结了我国甘蓝抗病育种研究的主要成就,在分析我国甘蓝病育种研究现状的基础上,提出了该领域今后发展趋势。     

除草剂在作物间的选择性

自1946年开始使用2，4-D以来，化学除草以其高效、经济、快速等优点而广泛应用于现代农业生产中。不同除草剂对不同作物具有杀伤性，只有了解除草剂对作物及杂草间选择性的决定因素，才能正确使用除草剂，达到“苗活草死”的效果。除草剂在不同植物间的选择性是由多种因素决定的，其表现方式也多种多样，本文概述了其选择性的主要决定因素。     

Estimation of genetic parameters for lactational milk yields using two-dimensional random regressions on parities and days in milk in Chinese Simmental cattle

A two‐dimensional random regression model with regressions on days in milk (DIM) and parity number was applied to lactational milk yields in Chinese Simmental cattle. Random regressions were fitted for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects using a two‐dimensional polynomial on DIM and parity number. A total of 4340 lactational milk yields from Chinese Simmental cattle which calved between 1980 and early 2000 were used in this study. Variance components were estimated using Bayesian methodology via Gibbs sampling. Variances of random regression coefficients associated with all terms of the polynomials were significant. A covariance function showed that heritabilities of lactational milk yields between 200 and 400 DIM over parities varied between 0.25 and 0.45. Heritabilities of 305‐day milk yields from 1st to 6–8th parities were 0.28, 0.30, 0.32 0.32, 0.32, and 0.31, respectively. Ratios of permanent environment variances to total variances at each DIM were greater than corresponding heritabilities. Generally, genetic correlations were higher between lactational milk yields with similar DIM and parity number.