鸡蛋中臭鼻克雷伯氏菌的分离与鉴定

从市售鲜鸡蛋内容物中分离到一株革兰氏阴性杆菌,经形态学观察、培养特性观察及生化试验鉴定该菌为臭鼻克雷伯氏菌。药敏试验表明该菌对先锋霉素、链霉素、氯霉素和庆大霉素敏感。动物实验结果表明,该菌对小白鼠有致病力。一般情况下臭鼻克雷伯氏菌属于条件致病菌,从鸡蛋中分离出致病菌株,在公共卫生方面具有重要意义。     

抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

为了制备抗猫杯状病毒的单克隆抗体,并对其基本生物学特性进行鉴定。分别采用饱和硫酸铵方法、差速离心、氯化铯密度梯度离心方法对猫杯状病毒(FCV)进行纯化,将纯化的猫杯状病毒作为抗原对BALB/c小鼠进行免疫,通过细胞融合和杂交瘤筛选技术建立抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤系,鉴定单克隆抗体的亚型。结果表明：本实验获得了2株稳定分泌特异性抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为D8、E5,其亚型均为IgM。获得的单克隆抗体与犬细小病毒(CPV)、猫细小病毒(FPV)、犬瘟热病毒(CDV)均无交叉反应。成功制备了抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体,为建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

The improvement of growth,digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance of white shrimp by the dietary citric acid

A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary citric acid on growth, digestive enzyme and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp with initial body weight of 5.57 ± 0.21 g were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.0 g kg^?1 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g kg^?1 citric acid. Results showed that weight gain was increased by 15.9 % and feed conversion ratio was decreased by 0.17 by 2.0 g kg^?1 dietary citric acid compared with control group (P < 0.05). Intestinal protease activity of shrimp fed 2.0 g kg^?1 citric acid was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control group. No significant difference was found in intestinal amylase activity among treatments (P > 0.05). The activities of serum phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme in 2.0 and 3.0 g kg^?1 citric acid group were significantly higher, and accumulative mortalities of the two groups on the fourth day after injection of Vibrio alginolyticus were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.05). Results above demonstrated that dietary citric acid could improve growth performance, immunity and resistance against V. alginolyticus. The supplementation level of citric acid in diet was suggested to be 2.0–3.0 g kg^?1 for white shrimp.     

促进加拿大农产品供应链发展的影响因素分析及启示

加拿大是农业发达国家,农产品供应链发展比较早也较成熟。通过分析促进加拿大农产品供应链发展的主要因素,以及这些因素给加拿大农产品供应链发展带来的影响。对加拿大农产品供应链的分析和探讨,以期为我国农业经济和农产品供应链研究提供借鉴。     

不同倍性白桦无性系苗期最佳施肥量的确定

以2年生的白桦四倍体和二倍体共19个无性系苗木群体为试验材料,用前期筛选的施肥配方配制成1/1 000质量浓度的混合营养液对根部进行浇灌施肥,分别7(处理1)、10(处理2)、15 d(处理3)的间隔期施肥,以不施肥为对照(处理4)。试验采用完全随机区组设计,重复3次。施肥自5月1日起始,8月31日结束。苗高、地径调查每隔15 d调查1次,自5月15日起,10月1日结束。结果表明:在3种施肥及对照条件下不同倍性白桦的生长均呈现"慢-快-慢"的"S"型,生长速度及生长期随着施肥量的递增而递增,苗高、地径生长量较对照分别提高42.46%、32.14%;在3种施肥处理及对照条件下不同倍性白桦无性系间生长量差异明显,二倍体高生长较四倍体提高了20.30%,在施肥处理1的条件下四倍体的地径生长较二倍体提高了3.71%。由3种施肥及对照处理条件下无性系的平均高径比、配方肥的用量及用工成本等综合分析,确定施肥间隔为15 d的处理3为白桦苗木培育时的主选施肥方案。无性系的不同对施肥量的要求不同,本项目分别为19个白桦无性系确定了精确施肥量。综合各无性系在各种施肥处理条件下苗高、地径生长量,初步选择3个二倍体、1个四倍体为优良无性系,它们分别为2Bz3、2Bz18、2B353和4B44,其平均苗高、地径较未施肥对照时分别提高了40.60%、32.26%。     

Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Electricity Generation in a Combined ABR-MFC-MEC System Treating Fecal Wastewater

Simultaneous power generation and fecal wastewater treatment were investigated using a combined ABR-MFC-MEC system (anaerobic baffled reactor-microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolysis cell). The installation of multi-stage baffles can benefit retaining the suspended solids in the system and help separate the hydrolysis-acidification and the methanogen processes. The efficiencies of the nitrification-denitrification process were improved because of the weak current generation by coupling the microbial electrochemical device (MFC-MEC) with the ABR unit. Maximum removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) were 1.35 ± 0.05 kg COD/m³/day and 85.0 ± 0.4 g NH₄ ⁺-N/m³/day, respectively, while 45% of methane (CH₄), 9% of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and 45% of nitrogen gas (N₂) contents in volume ratio were found in the collected gas phase. An average surplus output voltage of 452.5 ± 10.5 mV could be achieved from the combined system, when the initial COD concentration was 1500.0 ± 20.0 mg/L and the initial NH₄ ⁺-N concentration was 110.0 ± 5.0 mg/L, while the effluent COD could reach 50.0 mg/L with an HRT of 48 h. The combined process has the potential to treat fecal wastewater efficiently with nearly zero energy input and a fair bio-fuel production.     

亚麻形态发生的生理生化特性

摘 要 研究了不同基因型亚麻形态发生过程中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、核酸等内容物及抗氧化物酶CAT、SOD和POD酶活性变化,探讨其形态发生过程生理生化变化规律。结果表明,在两个品种亚麻各阶段中,胚性愈伤中的CAT、POD、可溶性蛋白、核酸和可溶性糖含量均高于非胚性愈伤组织,这些物质含量和组分的变化与胚性的维持和细胞的旺盛分裂分化有关,而SOD在无菌苗和不定芽期含量高,初始愈伤组织中的含量是最低的,与其抗氧化能力密切相关。     

Effects of extruded and pelleted diets with differing lipid levels on growth,nutrient retention and serum biochemical indices of tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Tilapia nilotica)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded diets and pelleted diets with varying dietary lipid levels on growth performance and nutrient utilization of tilapia. Six diets, containing three levels of lipid at 40, 60 or 80 g kg^?1 (with the supplemental lipid of 0, 20 or 40 g kg^?1, respectively), were prepared by extruding or pelleting and then fed to tilapia juveniles (8.0 ± 0.1 g) in cages (in indoor pools) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fish that were fed the diet with 60 g kg^?1 of lipid had a higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), lipid retention (LRE), energy retention (ERE), apparent protein digestibility, apparent dry matter digestibility and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed the diet with 40 g kg^?1 lipid in both the extruded diet and pelleted diet (P < 0.05). As the dietary lipid level increased from 60 to 80 g kg^?1, these parameters were not further improved, even digestibilities of the crude protein and dry matter decreased (P < 0.05). With the dietary lipid level increased, whole‐body lipid content significantly increased (P < 0.05), serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) tended to increase (P > 0.05), whereas whole‐body protein content, serum triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and HDL‐C/LDL‐C tended to decrease (P > 0.05). Fish fed with the extruded diets had a higher WG, SGR, hepatosomatic index (HSI), PER, protein retention (PRE), LRE, ERE, TG, apparent digestibility of protein and dry matter, as well as a lower FCR, than those fed with the pelleted diets at the same dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). These results suggested that tilapia fed with the extruded diets had a better growth and higher nutrient utilization than fish fed with the pelleted diets, when dietary lipid level ranged from 40 to 80 g kg^?1 and at dietary crude protein level was 280 g kg^?1. The optimum dietary lipid level was 60 g kg^?1 in both the pelleted and extruded diets, and extrusion did not affect dietary lipid requirement of the tilapia.     

土壤有机碳库与其影响因素研究进展

土壤有机碳库是陆地生态系统重要的碳库,对全球温室效应及生态环境有重要的影响,是国内外碳循环的研究焦点.土壤有机碳库的研究在陆地碳循环机制和全球碳收支平衡研究中具有重要意义.综述了国内外对土壤有机碳库储量和研究方法的研究,并从气候、土壤性质等自然因素与土地利用/覆盖、农业管理等人为因素综述土壤有机碳库的影响因素,展望了土壤有机碳库的研究方向.