安徽省农民“退宅进城入镇”的实践与成效——以天长市铜城镇为例

天长市铜城镇根据当地工业基础较好、农村"空巢户"较多、农民进城入镇的愿望较强烈的现状,通过调查研究,在集中民意的基础上规范操作,开展试点,循序渐进,创造条件,引导农民"退宅进城入镇",并积极引导农村土地流转,解除"退宅进城入镇"农民的后顾之忧。通过开展"退宅进城入镇"工作,为开发土地资源,增加经济效益,促进农地规范流转及农业现代化发展,助推城镇化进程,提高居民的生活质量探索了新道路。     

杉木种子园下套种三叶青的块根产量分析

该试验研究了杉木种子园不同坡位套种三叶青,以及三叶青不同栽植方式的块根产量,结果表明,下坡的平均单株块根产量和单位面积块根产量均最高,中坡表现也比较好,上坡最低。相对于上坡,下坡的平均单株块根产量提高145.0%,单位面积块根产量提高203.7%,保存率增加15%。相对于裸根栽植,营养网袋栽植的三叶青平均单株块根产量提高59.3%,单位面积块根产量提高103.8%,保存率增加18%。     

Biological functions and clinical significance of secretogranin III

AIM: Secretogranin III (SCG3/Sg III) is extensively distributed in endocrine or endocrine-like cells in human body and plays an important role in some biological functions by regulating peptide hormone secretion and neuroendocrine activity.The distribution and functions of SCG3 make itself as not only one of the most useful biological markers in association with neuroendocrine functions, but also a potential indicator of diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in certain diseases.The gene and protein structures, tissue expression, biological functions as well as pathophysiology and clinical significance of SCG3 are reviewed in this article.     

高产优质糯玉米黔糯868亲本繁育及杂交种制种技术

黔糯868是贵州省旱粮研究所组配选育而成的,2014年、2015年分别通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定和重庆农作物品种审定委员会审定.该品种产量高,抗病性和适应性强,糯性品质及籽粒外观商品性好,具有广阔的鲜食市场前景,深受农户及经销商欢迎;尤其近年来脱贫攻坚期间,种植大户越来越多,市场需求量越来越大,为使该品种快速而稳定地走向市场,本试验对黔糯868的亲本繁殖及杂交种制种技术进行了研究,以保持品种的特性和种子质量.     

格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统设计与实现

利用作物生长模型模拟小麦区域生产力,分析气候变化对农业生产的影响是研究粮食安全的热点问题之一。拥有操作方便、计算快速特点的小麦区域生产力模拟系统,可有效提高作物生长模型区域应用能力。该研究在分解小麦生长模型WheatGrow算法基础上,利用Python语言构建了格网化小麦生长模型,实现了基于空间格网数据的小麦区域生产力模拟。验证试验结果表明:模拟产量的均方根误差为1 070 kg/hm~2,标准均方根误差小于20%,系统所集成的WheatGrow模型具有较好的预测性;同时,结合格网数据分块构建区域模拟的并行计算策略,优化了区域模拟的性能。在此基础上,采用GIS组件式开发模式,在.NET平台下开发格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统,实现作物生长模型与GIS耦合,为研究区域小麦产量潜力,评估气候变化对小麦生长影响,制定农业决策提供软件工具。     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Salinization and Alkalization in Cotton Fields

We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions，compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L^－1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L^－1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.     

生物炭对亏缺灌溉下温室重壤土栽培番茄产量及品质的影响

探究生物炭对亏缺灌溉下温室重壤土栽培番茄产量和品质的影响，确定番茄产量和综合品质最优的灌水量及生物炭添加量，为重壤土地区温室番茄栽培提供灌水及生物炭施加依据。采用桶栽试验，设置3个生物炭添加量（0，3%，6%，按干土重的百分比计）和3个灌水水平（充分灌溉W1：75%~85%θ_f；中度亏缺W2：55%~65%θ_f；重度亏缺W3：40%~50%θ_f。θ_f为田间持水量），共9个处理。结果表明：无生物炭添加时，亏缺灌溉下番茄产量降低了13.8%~54.0%（P＜0.05），果实硬度、果色指数、VC、可溶性固形物、有机酸含量等营养品质指标均显著降低，果型指数、番茄红素则呈现增加的趋势，灌溉水利用效率在重度亏缺下降低了10.9%（P＜0.05）；在充分灌溉条件下添加生物炭，番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率分别提高了12.3%~22.0%和23.3%~28.6%，可溶性固形物含量降低了6.4%~17.7%（P＜0.05），对VC、番茄红素、有机酸含量及外观品质无显著影响；在亏缺灌溉条件下添加生物炭不利于增产，C1W3、C2W3处理产量较C0W3处理分别降低了37.6%（P<0.05）、17.1%（P>0.05），但外观品质指标、VC、可溶性固形物均有一定幅度的提升，对灌溉水利用效率的影响表现为低添加量时降低而高添加量时提高。综合分析表明，各灌水水平下添加生物炭均能提高番茄品质的综合排名，充分灌溉下生物炭低添加量效果较好，而亏缺灌溉下高添加量较优，尤其是C2W2处理，番茄品质综合排名可达到充分灌溉的效果。综合考虑番茄品质、产量及灌溉水利用效率，C1W1处理（灌水水平为75%~85%θ_f，施炭量为3%）为最优处理。     

基于FVCOM渤海浅水分潮的特征分析

基于非结构有限体积法海洋模型FVCOM，对渤海潮波系统进行数值模拟。利用渤海沿岸共19个潮位站的资料对模拟结果进行验证，计算结果均与实测结果吻合良好。基于此进一步研究渤海3个主要浅水分潮M4、MS4和M6的主要特征，并与前人的研究成果进行对比。结果表明M4和MS4分潮传播特征相似，都存在5个无潮点，其中1个为顺时针旋转，而其余四个为逆时针旋转。对于M6分潮，结果显示存在9个无潮点，两个为顺时针，其余七个为逆时针。M4分潮振幅在近岸处可达25cm，约为M2分潮振幅的10％，MS4振幅次之，M6振幅最小，仅为M4分潮振幅的18%左右。三者振幅均为从外海向近岸迅速增大，表明浅水分潮振幅分布特征与海底地形关系密切。