病害动物及其产品无害化处理程序探讨

动物检疫员在产地检疫、屠宰检疫环节中．动物防疫监督人员在日常监督检查中，经常会发现病害动物、动物产品，相当多的检疫监督人员在对病害动物、动物产品进行无害化处理时，不出具任何文书，直接进行无害化处理．事后甚至没有记录，在病害动物、动物产品无害化处理程序上存在很多问题，如果货主提起行政诉讼，那动物防疫监督机构就面临着败诉的危险．笔者现就病害动物、动物产品无害化处理程序谈谈自己的看法。     

Identification of the Chinese Box Orange (Severinia Buxifolia) as an Alternative Host of the Bacterium Causing Citrus Huanglongbing

The Chinese box orange (Severinia buxifolia) was shown by graft-inoculation and psyllid-transmission tests to be an alternative host of the bacterium causing citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). A PCR-based assay for detection of the HLB bacterium (HLBB) was used to monitor HLBB. In graft-inoculation tests, the Chinese box orange (CBO) grafted with HLBB-infected scions of Luchen sweet orange (LSO) were positive for HLBB, 2–3 months after grafting. The back-grafting test demonstrated that HLBB-infected CBO scions could transmit HLBB back to LSO hosts via grafting. In psyllid-transmission tests, psyllids (insect vectors) transmitted HLBB to CBO plants, in which HLBB could be detected 3–4 months after inoculation. Acquisition-access tests of psyllids revealed that HLBB-free psyllids can acquire HLBB from diseased CBO hosts and can transmit HLBB back to the LSO plants. A field survey verified the presence of HLBB-infected CBO plants in the vicinity of citrus orchards. In this paper, CBO is shown to be a susceptible host plant in which HLBB can exist and replicate. It is also a donor plant from which HLBB can be transmitted to citrus hosts by grafting or by psyllid vectors.     

江西省西红柿青枯病抑病土壤研究初报

作者在江西省不少地区发现存在着番茄青枯病抑病土壤,并对其抑病性能和抑病机制进行了初步研究。一、江西省番茄青枯病抑病土壤的调查在番茄青枯病盛发期,按5点取样250—1000株,结合全田踏查,连作3年以上不发病或发病率在1％以下的土壤,大片(非水旱轮作)多年连作而未见病害显著为害的土壤,     

柑桔脚腐病研究

 本研究证明Phytophthora parasitica是我国柑桔脚腐病病原菌之一;高温多雨有利本病盛发;据对51个柑桔种质资源抗病性测定结果表明:枳、枳橙、枳柚、大叶金豆、酸橙等19个种类或品种对本病具有高抗或抗病,福桔、尤力克柠檬等14种材料为感病或重感病型,其余18个为中抗或中感型;防治试验证明,瑞毒霉(metalaxyl)、乙磷铝(phosethyl-Al)、甲霜铝铜(①metalaxyl②aluminum tris)等杀菌剂对病树有明显的治疗作用。利用抗病砧木靠接对缓解该病危害具有事半功倍的效果。     

大青杨群体变异及其选择的研究

大青杨种内群体间变异十分丰富,为了选出最佳群体,直接用于造林,进行了全分布区群体选择的研究。本试验在大兴安岭地区对9个产体群体的大青杨做了生长、生根、抗寒、抗锈病的主要经济性状的测定,然后进行综合评定,选择出最佳群体。     

新疆蕨类植物的抗菌活性初探

对新疆９种苦头类植物孢子叶或营养叶的抗菌活性进行了生物测定,试验结果表明有６种苦头类植物孢子叶或营养叶对１－２种细菌具有较强的抑制作用,而对真菌均无抑制活性。     

部分菜豆种质资源鉴定及优质资源评价

通过对国家种质库的１１８份菜豆种进行苗期抗炭疽病、霜霉病的鉴定，嫩英营养成分的测定和经济性状的观察，筛选出具有利用和推广价值的综合性状优异的菜豆品种６个：双阳大花皮、红豆宽、红花皮和黄家雀蛋（蔓生，在抗病、早熟、丰产育种方面有利用价值），ＧＹ２０－３－１和Ｌａｍａｎｉｅｒｅ（矮生、在育种有很高利用价值，也可以在生产上直接利用。     

Pathologic findings and association of Mycobacterium bovis infection with the bovine NRAMP1 gene in cattle from herds with naturally occurring tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine necropsy and Mycobacterium bovis culture results in cattle from herds with tuberculosis, the role of the bovine NRAMP1 gene in resistance and susceptibility to infection with M bovis, and the association between magnitude of the tuberculous lesions and various types of M bovis isolates. ANIMALS: 61 cattle from herds with tuberculosis in Texas and Mexico. PROCEDURE: 61 cattle were evaluated by necropsy; 59 had positive and 2 had negative caudal fold tuberculin intradermal test (CFT) results. Thirty-three cattle with positive CFT results were genotyped to evaluate polymorphism of the 3' untranslated region of the bovine NRAMP1 gene, using single-stranded conformational analysis, 9 were resistant to M bovis with no tuberculous lesions and negative M bovis culture results, and 24 were susceptible with tuberculous lesions and positive M bovis culture results. Isolates of M bovis were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on the basis of IS6110 sequences and direct-repeat fingerprinting patterns. RESULTS: 21 (35.6%; 21/59) cattle with positive CFT results had tuberculous lesions or positive culture results; in addition, 1 of 2 cattle with negative CFT results had tuberculous lesions and positive culture results. Tuberculous lesions were most common in the thorax (35/63; 55.5%) and lymphoid tissues of the head (10/63; 15.9%). Tuberculous lesions varied from 1 to 11/animal; 8 of 21 (38.1%) had solitary lesions. Associations were not found between resistance or susceptibility to infection with M bovis and polymorphism in the NRAMP1 gene or between the magnitude of the lesions and various RFLP types of M bovis isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The NRAMP1 gene does not determine resistance and susceptibility to infection with M bovis in cattle.     

Adjustments in leaf water relations of mangrove (Avicennia germinans) seedlings grown in a salinity gradient

We used pressure-volume analysis and dewpoint hygrometry to determine leaf water relation parameters of mangrove (Avicennia germinans L.) seedlings grown at salinities of 0, 8, 20 and 32 per thousand. Seedlings responded to an increase in salinity from 0 to 32 per thousand by an increase in leaf succulence as reflected in an increase in leaf water content per unit area from 300 to 360 g m(-2). Additionally, osmotic potential at full turgor decreased from -2.3 to -3.5 MPa and osmotic potential at zero turgor decreased from -2.7 to -4.3 MPa. Cell elasticity decreased as salinity increased from 0 to 32 per thousand, as indicated by a progressive increase in volumetric modulus of elasticity from 19 to 27 MPa. Increased leaf succulence enabled leaves to sequester large amounts of solutes without adversely increasing cell osmotic pressure. On the other hand, osmotic adjustment facilitated turgor maintenance as water potential diminished. Salinity-induced decreases in tissue elasticity generated greater water potential differences between leaves and soil under saline conditions than under non-saline conditions.     

Use of a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA) for the diagnosis of natural Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle from Galicia (NW Spain)

An indirect-enzyme immune-linked immunosorbent assay (IEA) was compared to a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA) to diagnose fasciolosis in naturally infected cattle. By means of a rabbit polyclonal IgG antibody to F. hepatica antigens, captured circulating antigens were detected by an SEA technique. A total of 85.1% of the samples examined was considered positive by using the IEA-test, whereas this percentage was of 37.3% by the SEA test. Using the two enzymatic probes, only the 38.3% resulted positive to both immunoassay probes. Our data indicate that circulating antigen detection assay in combination with results of antibody detection may offer a more reliable diagnostic technique than classic coprologic ones, with results very appropriate for epidemiologic studies carried out on a wide area.