黄顶菊入侵对不同地区土壤氮循环及微生物量的影响

外来入侵植物对入侵地土壤生态系统的影响日益受到生态学家的关注。本文选取天津静海、河北献县及河北衡水湖3个黄顶菊入侵样地,研究黄顶菊入侵对不同地区土壤养分、酶活性及土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明,与未入侵地土壤(CK)相比,黄顶菊入侵明显地改变了3个地区的土壤理化性质且存在地区差异,静海和献县入侵地全氮升高,衡水湖则下降;静海和衡水湖土壤硝态氮下降,而献县上升,土壤氨氧化潜势的变化趋势与硝态氮的变化趋势一致。土壤氮循环相关酶活性也表现出明显的地区特异性。同时,黄顶菊入侵静海、献县和衡水湖3个地区样地中的微生物量碳分别比CK提高27.05%,57.62%和40.31%;静海和献县入侵地的微生物量氮分别比CK高37.40%,106.48%,差异显著。黄顶菊入侵对土壤氮素养分、氮相关酶活性及微生物量影响的地区差异可能与入侵地被入侵前养分含量有关,表现出使土壤养分状况均一化趋势。对于黄顶菊防控策略的制定要根据各地区情况因地制宜。     

生乳储运条件对品质影响的探究

菌落总数是衡量生乳品质的重要指标之一.生乳中菌落总数基数越大,其品质越不稳定.但因为奶源产地等原因,生乳必须经过一段时间运输才能到达乳品企业进行生产,运输过程可能由于微生物繁殖导致生乳品质下降.试验选取菌落总数基数不同的两批生乳,通过在2～6℃和10～15℃条件下存放,模拟生乳在冷藏储运和脱冷储运状态下,分别储存24 ...     

英系大白猪母猪体况对繁殖性能的影响

英系大白猪母猪体况对繁殖性能影响的研究表明,配种时标准体型的母猪情期受胎率、总产仔数、产活仔数等性状表现最好,分别为82.26%,13.67头和12.41头;肥胖型母猪分别是72.92%,9.14头和8.26头,瘦型母猪分别为75.86%,10.18头和9.27头,而过瘦的母猪只有61.54%,8.88头和6.50头。     

乌拉尔甘草组培再生体系的研究

甘草是兼具生态和经济双重价值的重要植物资源,人工培育以野生变家种为主,尚未开展系统的育种工作。本研究以内蒙古杭锦旗的野生乌拉尔甘草为材料,研究了外植体、基本培养基、NAA、TDZ和蔗糖对丛生芽诱导的影响以及微繁体系的建立。结果表明,适合甘草丛生芽诱导的外植体为生长4~7 d的无菌苗子叶节,培养基为MS TDZ 0.1 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖20~30 g/L;将带1叶的茎段在改良MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA1.0~2.0 mg/L的培养基中培养,其增殖倍数可稳定达到25倍;在1/2MS 核黄素2.0 mg/L中生根,炼苗3 d移栽到蛭石中,成活率达96%以上。1个带腋芽茎段培养3个月可获得13 906棵生根试管苗,成活13 350株,繁殖效率高达85%。     

牧草替代防制紫茎泽兰的研究

本研究采用牧草替代防制紫茎泽兰,充分利用紫茎泽兰的侵袈地发展种草养畜。研究表明,适当密度种植王草、牛鞭草等牧草,既可保证牧草的产量、品质,又可有效防制紫茎泽兰的扩散蔓延,是充分利用紫茎泽兰侵袈地和防制紫茎泽兰的好方法。     

羊和猪胎盘肽的制备及其生物活性的初步研究

利用超滤法从羊和猪胎盘中提取出了胎盘肽,采用改良的加脲Tricine—SDSPAGE电泳法测定羊胎盘肽的分子量为4,386Da;利用紫外光扫描得其最大吸收峰分别为225．4nm和209．6nm;并通过建立体外抑制兔淋巴细胞模型,利用MTT比色法测定所提取胎盘肽的免疫调节作用,结果显示：羊和猪胎盘肽均可使顺铂抑制的兔外周血T淋巴细胞的转化率显著提高。其中羊胎盘肽以1：10^2、1：10^3和1：10^4三组效果最为明显（P〈0．01）;而猪胎盘肽以1：10^2、1：10^3两组效果最为明显（P〈0．01）。     

抑制USP7活性对鸡抗沙门菌感染的影响

本研究旨在阐明去泛素酶USP7对雏鸡抵抗鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的影响。选用3日龄的白来航鸡40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,隔天腹腔注射USP7抑制剂P5091或对照溶剂,连续注射5次,待最后一次注射结束后第4天,对雏鸡人工口服感染鼠伤寒沙门菌,感染24 h后,采集样品,RT-qPCR检测IL-1β、IL-8、TNFα以及NF-κB的mRNA表达,平板涂布法检测雏鸡肝载菌量,H&E染色观察肝和肺的炎症状况。结果表明,P5091抑制USP7活性后,转录因子NF-κB mRNA水平显著降低,并且下游细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8以及TNF-α的表达均下调,雏鸡载菌量下降,H&E染色显示肝与肺炎症反应加剧。综上表明,USP7可能在机体抗沙门菌感染方面起重要作用。     

Effects of Wnt10b on dermal papilla cells via the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in the Angora rabbit

Wnt10b is a member of Wnt family that plays a variety of roles in biological functions, including those in the development of hair follicles. To investigate the effect of Wnt10b on hair growth in the Angora rabbit and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism, we cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells with exogenous Wnt10b in vitro. We observed the expressions of downstream critical gene β‐catenin and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) in Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The levels of β‐catenin mRNA and protein were higher in the Wnt10b group of DP cells than in the Control group, and the mRNA level of LEF1 in the Wnt10b group was higher than in the Control group. Moreover, translocation of β‐catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus was activated in the Wnt10b group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the hair follicle‐regulatory genes, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the protein activity of ALP was also upregulated in the Wnt10b group compared to their corresponding levels in the Control group. These data suggest that Wnt10b could activate the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway to induce DP cells in the Angora rabbit. In addition, the proliferation of DP cells was significantly promoted when cultured with Wnt10b for 48 and 72 hr, suggesting that Wnt10b plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and maintenance of DP cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Wnt10b may promote hair follicle growth in Angora rabbit through the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway that promotes the proliferation of DP cells.     

Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and their associations with milk performance traits

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognizing serum protein, participates in the innate immune system of mammals as an opsonin. In humans, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2 gene were found to cause various innate immune dysfunctions. In the present study, we discovered three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and analyzed their associations with milk traits. By screening the genetic variation of MBL1 in 1053 individuals of three Chinese native cattle breeds including China Holstein, Luxi Yellow and Bohai Black using created restriction site–polymerase chain reaction (CRS–PCR), PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, three new SNPs, g.855G>A, g.2651G>A and g.2686T>C, were found to have allele frequencies of 0–12.65%, 24.07–42.39% and 56.95–73.68%, respectively. While SNP g.855G>A is located within intron ?, the other two SNPs reside in the exon II region with one mutation being non-synonymous (GTT (Val) > ATT (Ile)) and the other synonymous (GCT (Ala) > GCC (Ala)). Among the 596 Chinese Holstein cattle with at least 3 lactation Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records, eight different haplotypes and 19 genotype combinations were detected. Statistical analyses revealed no correlation between either g.855G>A or g.2686T>C and somatic cell score (SCS), however significant association was found between g.2651G>A and SCS, suggesting a possible role of this SNP in the host response against mastitis. Our data also suggested that the combined genotypes of GGC/AAC with the lowest SCS, AAT/AAT with the highest protein content and AGC/AGC with the highest 305-d milk yield were favorable combinations for mastitis resistance and milk production traits. Therefore, GGC/AAC, AAT/AAT and AGC/AGC can be used as possible candidates for marker-assisted selection in the dairy cattle breeding program.     

月季种质资源花色基础研究

运用测色仪对227个月季种质资源花色表型进行分类,并运用紫外分光光度计测定总类黄酮,探讨二者之间的相关性。结果表明:在a~*和b~*二维象限图上,7类色系主要集中分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ象限,在第Ⅲ象限(蓝色)没有分布,花瓣正面颜色分布较为集中、部分橙红色和深红色品种的反面花色分布较为离散;7个色系的明度均为L~(*B)L~(*F),绝大多数色系的颜色参数a~(*F)/b~(*F)/C~(*F)a~(*B)/b~(*B)/C~(*B),并且玫红色、紫红色、橙红色和深红色的正反面花色a~*、b~*、C~*差异显著;各个色系TA之间差异显著(P0.05),深红色TA含量最高。而TF含量,除了深红色和紫红色差异显著外,其他色系之间差异不显著(P0.05);TA与L~*呈负相关关系(P0.01),与花瓣L~(*B)相关性更大;TA与h°负相关(P0.01)。TA与a~*/C~*呈正相关关系(P0.01),与正面颜色参数值相关性更强,而TF与L~*/h°也呈负相关关系(P0.05)。说明TA和TF共同影响花色的呈现,并且花青苷含量的高低是影响花色深浅的主要因素。