Agronomic and physiological contributions to the yield improvement of soybean cultivars released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China

Increasing yield is a high priority in most breeding programs. Approximately 600 soybean cultivars had been released by the end of the last century in Northeast China. Understanding the agronomic and physiological changes is essential for planning further plant breeding strategies in soybean. In this study, 45 representative soybean cultivars, from maturity groups 00 and 0, released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China were compared in field conditions for 3 consecutive years. A positive correlation between seed yield and year of cultivar release was indicated with a 0.58% average annual increase. Seed number per plant was the most important contributor to yield gain, with a 0.41% increase per year. Pod number per plant and seed size varied slightly with the year of cultivar release. Although variation in protein was from 37.0% to 45.5%, and oil concentration was from 16.7% to 22.0%, their concentrations were not consistently related to year of cultivar release. A 33% increase in the photosynthetic rate, 10.6% increase in plant dry weight and 19.0% increase in harvest index (HI) were found, while leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 17.3%. Modern cultivars have higher photosynthetic rates than their predecessors. The reduced plant height gave increased resistance to lodging, with the lodging score dropping from 3.2 in 1951 to 1.0 in 2006. Seed resistances to disease and pest infestation were also improved. Yield stability was enhanced over years, which could be attributed to the stable pod production across different environments. A flow diagram to explain the contributors to genetic improvement of soybeans in Northeast China was developed.     

谈森林采伐与生态平衡的关系

扼要论述了森林植物群落生态平衡问题,认为森林植物群落生态平衡是动态平衡,是相对平衡;这种平衡的动态和相对的特性允许采用合理方法利用森林植物资源。同时分析了合理利用的原则与措施。     

农林高校化学系列课程考试改革的研究与实践

通过分析国内各高校特别是农林高校化学基础课系列课程考试改革的现状,提出了改革的方法、途径和措施,并在华中农业大学各相关专业进行了研究与实践,产生了积极的效果,初步构建了具有评价、督促、反馈和导向等多种功能的化学基础课系列课程考核评价体系,促进了考、教、学的和谐统一。     

中国产业开发扶贫的经验及对发展中国家的启示

中国十几年的扶贫经验表明,产业开发扶贫是带动贫困地区产业结构调整和农民就业结构调整,帮助农户脱贫的有效措施。本文旨在通过探讨中国产业开发扶贫提出的背景,阐明中国实施产业开发扶贫的必要性,并结合案例分析中国实施的两种主要的产业开发扶贫模式的反贫困机理,以期为正在实施产业开发扶贫的发展中国家提供一些借鉴与启示。     

景天新品种的扦插繁殖研究1）

试验以玫红景天（Sedum spectabile cv ．Borean ．）和冰山景天（Sedum spectabile cv ．Al-bum ）为植物试材，研究了不同基质、不同外源激素浓度对景天新品种嫩枝扦插生根的影响。试验表明：玫红景天和冰山景天均适合在园土＋蛭石＋珍珠岩（1∶1∶1）、园土＋沙土（1∶3）的基质下种植扦插，冰山景天在NAA＋IBA（1∶1）浓度为200～400mg/L时，生根率及根长值最大；玫红景天在NAA＋IBA（1∶1）浓度为400mg/L时，生根率高、生根效果最佳。为今后研究景天类植物的扦插繁殖提供了科学的理论参考。     

小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林土壤酶活性的异质性

利用传统统计学与地统计学相结合的方法对小兴安岭谷地不同死亡程度云冷杉林表层土壤（0~20cm）酶活性空间异质性和格局进行研究。结果表明：①土壤脲酶变异函数曲线的理论模型符合线性模型,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的理论模型符合指数模型或球状模型。②土壤酶活性各项指标的空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性指标的空间自相关程度均属较强以上（空间结构比均在75%以上）,土壤转化酶为中等（空间结构比均在25%以上）,土壤脲酶在较弱到中等之间变化。③云冷杉林表层土壤过氧化氢酶的自相关范围最大（0.58~3.08 m）,转化酶和碱性磷酸酶分别为1.41~3.98 m和0.91~4.29 m,而土壤脲酶自相关范围最小（15.426~16.673 m）。④土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的空间格局明显,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和土壤脲酶的分数维分别为1.930~1.990,1.910~1.986,1.923~1.997和1.936~1.970。     

论山区生态环境保护与山羊养殖对策

因为缺乏统一而科学的长远规划,山羊养殖业在山区发展面临了许多新的问题,笔者尝试对此进行简单的讨论.     

和胃平喘对小鼠肠绒毛高度的影响

选择大小、体重相近的SD雌性小鼠(18～22g)40只,随机分为4组,1.5%"和胃平喘"组、2.5%"和胃平喘"组、3.5%"和胃平喘"组和基础料组,每组2个重复,每个重复5只,分别饲喂15d和30d后取肠道做成切片,测定小鼠肠道的肠绒毛高度。结果表明:15d试验中,1.5%"和胃平喘"组、2.5%"和胃平喘"组、3.5%"和胃平喘"组与对照组间的平均肠绒毛高度差异显著(P0.05)。30d试验中,2.5%"和胃平喘"组十二指肠平均肠绒毛(duodenum villus)高度为0.9835±0.1582mm,3.5%"和胃平喘"组十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度为0.8898±0.1635mm,2.5%"和胃平喘"组、3.5%"和胃平喘"组的十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度都与对照组的差异极显著(P0.01),1.5%"和胃平喘"组的十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);2.5%"和胃平喘"组和3.5%"和胃平喘"组的空肠平均肠绒毛(jejunum villus)高度与对照组间的差异不显著(P0.05);1.5%"和胃平喘"组和2.5%"和胃平喘"组的回肠平均肠绒毛(ileum villus)高度与对照组间的差异不显著(P0.05)。在小鼠基础料中添加"和胃平喘"能不同程度提高小鼠肠绒毛高度,且以2.5%和3.5%两个添加量效果最好。     

Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors in Response to Drought in Arabidopsis and Crops

Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints limiting plant growth, development and crop yield. Many drought-inducible genes have been identified by molecular and genomic analyses in ...