银杏育苗不同遮荫方式效果比较

以黑色遮阳网覆盖银杏苗成活率高，为９４．３％；仅用玉米枝叶遮荫的效果最差，成活率为６１．５％，先用遮阳网，待玉米枝叶伸展后，去除遮阳网，其效果介于上述两法之间，成活率为７８．０％。     

Modelling diameter class distribution with a second-order matrix model

Matrix models of forest dynamics rely on four hypotheses: independence hypothesis, Markov’s hypothesis, Usher’s hypothesis, and temporal homogeneity hypothesis. We investigate the consequences of relaxing Markov’s hypothesis, allowing the state of the tree at time t to depend on its states at time t−1 and t−2. The methodology for building and testing the relevance of second-order matrix model is thus proposed. The derivation of second-order transition probabilities turns to be sensitive to the width of the diameter classes. A strategy for choosing diameter classes is proposed. A second-order matrix model is then built for a tropical rain-forest in French Guiana. A different behaviour is detected between small (dbh ≤30 cm) and large trees, the smaller trees being more sensitive to their past history: small trees that have well grown have a tendency to grow well again, and small trees that have not grown tend to have a higher probability to die. The widths of the diameter classes that are selected are much less than the widths usually retained, that favour first-order selection.     

胡杨愈伤组织继代增殖和器官发生中蛋白分子标记的研究

利用十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS PAGE)和等电聚焦双向电泳 (IEF 2D)对胡杨不同类型愈伤组织和愈伤组织分化不定芽过程中表达的蛋白进行了研究。发现 :不同类型愈伤组织中表达的蛋白存在着明显的差异。在光照和培养基中BA NAA值为 1时诱导产生的有极强器官发生能力的茎基愈伤组织 ,其蛋白组分明显地少于经过继代培养、器官发生能力明显下降的愈伤组织 ,表明了茎基愈伤组织本身分化程度低。实验获得了不同类型愈伤组织和愈伤组织分化不定芽过程中不同阶段所表达的特异蛋白 ,表现为经过黑暗和培养基中BA NAA值为 0 5的继代增殖培养 ,愈伤组织产生了特异的 2 4 5kDa和 5 8 6kDa的标记蛋白带 ,并且也表达了其器官发生时表达的 19kDa和 31kDa蛋白带。茎基愈伤组织在光照和BA NAA值为 0 5的条件下进行器官发生诱导并且随着愈伤组织形成分生细胞团块和不定芽原基 ,明显地表达了 2 0kDa和 5 5kDa蛋白带 ,在 2 0kDa蛋白带中含有pI为 5 5～ 6 5的特异蛋白。pI为 6 5～ 7 5的 4 3kDa为不定芽发生前期表达的特异蛋白。文中就愈伤组织器官发生能力与其表达蛋白的关系进行了讨论。     

利用异氰酸酯树脂胶和农业剩余物制造人造板的若干问题讨论

在我国森林资源缺乏的形势下,利用农业剩余物制造人造板更加必要,农业剩余物是最具潜力的替代纤维资源。本文基于作者大量的研究经历,总结和讨论了在利用异氰酸酯和农业剩余物制造人造板时,应重视的一些主要问题,包括原料准备、热压工艺、胶接技术、防止霉变等问题,以及相应的解决办法。研究认为,利用稻秸和麦秸制造人造板,最合适的胶粘剂是异氰酸酯树脂胶,同时还应选择合适的工艺、胶接办法和处理办法。表1参9。     

Dynamic properties of three types of wood-based composites

This study used a vibration test method to show that grain angles of face veneer have substantial effects on sound velocities and dynamic Youngs moduli of three types of wood-based composites. The sound velocity at 0° grain angle of face veneer was the highest, and it decreased with increasing grain angle in the range of 0° to 90°. This tendency was similar to that for dynamic Youngs modulus. The relationship between the grain angle of face veneer and the sound velocity of three types of wood-based composites can be expressed in the form of Hankinsons equation or a second-order parabolic equation. This study also showed that the application of orthotropic elasticity theory was valid for the three types of wood-based composites. The relationship between the grain angle of the face veneer and the Youngs modulus of three types of wood-based composites can be expressed in the form of the Jenkin equation, Hankinsons equation, or a second-order parabolic equation. Rule of mixture can also be used to predict the Youngs modulus of wood-based composite from the Youngs moduli of the two elements.Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003 and the 15th Annual Meeting of Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, September 2003     

Simultaneous determination of six isoflavonoids in commercial Radix Astragali by HPLC-UV

A HPLC-UV method for the quantification of six major isoflavonoids, calycosin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), formononetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), (6alphaR, 11alphaR) 3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (3), 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), calycosin (5) and formononetin (6), in Radix Astragali (Huangqi) was developed and validated. The method was proven to be sensitive, specific, accurate and precise, as well as effective and easy.     

人为干扰对长白山红松针阔叶混交林粗木质残体的影响

研究人为干扰(森林采伐)对长白山红松针阔叶混交林(天然林和择伐林)粗木质残体的影响.结果表明:天然林和择伐林的粗木质残体平均材积分别为78.88和41.7 m3·hm-2;天然林粗木质残体大部分径级2～40 cm,其中倒木、枯立木和伐桩分别占总材积的94%、5.8%和0.2%,择伐林粗木质残体大部分径级11～50 cm,其中倒木、枯立木和伐桩分别占总材积的41%、4%和55%.天然林和择伐林粗木质残体的覆盖面积分别为376.2和189.3 m2·5hm-2;天然林和择伐林倒木腐烂级为E的倒木分别占33.5%和14%.择伐活动明显减少了森林倒木的数量.为促使采伐后的森林能维持原始林粗木质残体的结构特征,现行的森林管理措施应进行必要的调整.     

赤桉材干燥终了调湿处理中的流变行为

在实验室的小型调温调湿箱中对25 mm厚赤桉干燥材进行终了调湿处理,并以切片法分析调湿过程中的弹性应变和机械吸附应变特性.结果表明:经24 h的处理,表层的吸湿效果显著,含水率上升达5%,而板材的平均含水率上升2.5%～3.0%;表层压缩弹性应变在经历处理开始3 h内的短暂上升后迅速下降,而整个处理过程中心层的拉伸弹性应变变化不大;处理9 h后,次表层的压缩弹性应力比表层的大,产生反向的应力梯度;处理中,木材表层吸湿软化发生了补充收缩,缩小了内外各层长度差异,应力减小;表层软化有效地减小乃至消除机械吸附应变,但由于干燥历史的影响,机械吸附应变的变化滞后于含水率的变化,在处理的第3～9 h间下降幅度最大.     

Change of trunk sap flow of Ginkgo biloba L. and its response to inhibiting transpiration treatment

For this paper, GREENSPAN sap flow system was used to monitor the dynamics of trunk sap flow of Gingkgo biloba. Results indicate that sap flow velocity is significantly different among different heights, depths, and directions of the trunk. Sap flow velocity at the upper position of the trunk is higher than that of the middle and lower position, but cumulative flux is not significantly different among the upper, middle and lower sections. Sap flow velocity at 10 mm reached the most and that at 20 mm the least. However, sap flow velocity at 5 mm and 15 mm was similar and was second among the four depths. Results also showed that sap flow velocity of the south was the highest, and that of the west was next. An Automatic Weather Station of HOBO was synchronously applied to measure these meteorological parameters, and the relationship between these parameters and the changes of trunk sap flow velocity were analyzed. We found that the change of sap flow velocity was a single-crest curve on clear days and multi-crest curve on cloudy and rainy days. In addition, it is also revealed that by stepwise regression analyses photosynthetical active radiation (PAR), temperature and wind speed are the main environmental factors affecting sap flow velocity. The efficient methods of reducing water transpiration of trees, including leaf pruning, overshadowing and antitranspirant spraying, were found by investigating the effects on inhibiting transpiration, which indicated that spraying of antitranspirants, leaf pruning and overshadowing could significantly reduce transpiration but the effects of leaf pruning and overshadowing were far better than that of antitranspirant spraying. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(5): 22–28 [译自: 林业科学]     

毛白杨多功能新品种选育研究

观测北京、河北、河南３地点的１３年生毛白杨无性系试验林,无性系间的树高、胸径、木材密度、纤维长度等性状的差异均极显著;无性系的遗传稳定性、生长适应性、主干通直系数、树体形态系数、抗病虫指数等性状存在一定差别。材积生长量无性系×地点交互作用极显著,无性系间生长型不同（“广适型”、“高产型”、“低产型”）。无性系的材积生长量、木材密度、主干通直系数、树体系数和抗病虫害指数的重复率分别为０．５８０、０．５３６、０．３９０、０．４１１和０．５００,性状经济权重分别为０．３５、０．２５、０．１０、０．１０和０．２０,建立多功能型无性系的选择指数,其综合育种增益比对照品种≥１５％为中选优良无性系新品种。为北京、河北、河南分别选育出８个、７个和６个优良无性系,平均综合增益分别提高２３．９％、２４．９％和２１．０％;３个地点都中选的３７、３５１、９８３２和１０１２等优良无性系的平均综合育种增益提高２５．１％。所选无性系皆为雄性,显著提高了城乡绿化效应。