Herbicides and planting date affect early performance of container-grown and bare-root loblolly pine seedlings in Alabama

The survival of bare-root and container-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings exceeded 90% when outplanted in March at two sites in Lee County, Alabama. At both sites, soil moisture and seedling survival were greater in March than in May. A March herbicide application reduced weed biomass by 75–80% at both sites. At the moist site, herbicide application did not affect survival. However, at the drier site, a reduction in weed biomass increased both the percent soil moisture and the survival of May-planted bare-root seedlings. When soil moisture at planting time was less than 13% on a dry weight basis container-grown seedlings survived better than bare-root seedlings. At both sites, reduced weed competition resulted in greater seedling heights and diameters.Alabama Experiment Station Journal Series No. 9-85802.     

Transplant Stress Index: A proposed method of quantifying planting check

This paper demonstrates a simple way of estimating the intensity and duration of planting check by examining height growth patterns. A transplant stress index is determined by the relationship between initial seedling height and subsequent height growth. This index is defined as the slope of a linear relationship between initial height and height increment. If the slope is negative, the plants (as a population) are said to be experiencing planting check. When the slope is approximately zero, the stock is said to be recovering from planting check. A steep positive slope suggests the stock has recovered from planting check. TSI values were determined for several conifers including Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, Pinus taeda L., Pinus radiata D. Don, Picea sitchensis (Bongard) Carrière, and Larix× eurolepis Henry.     

Comparison of selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in bovine whole blood.

Blood glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels were found to correlate well, indicating that glutathione peroxidase activity can be used to assess blood selenium levels in beef cattle. The glutathione peroxidase activity of blood is less stable than is the selenium concentration but when blood was stored at 4 degrees C, the glutathione peroxidase activity remained constant for seven days.     

Spatial variation in the parasite communities and genomic structure of urban rats in New York City

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are a globally distributed pest. Urban habitats can support large infestations of rats, posing a potential risk to public health from the parasites and pathogens they carry. Despite the potential influence of rodent‐borne zoonotic diseases on human health, it is unclear how urban habitats affect the structure and transmission dynamics of ectoparasite and microbial communities (all referred to as “parasites” hereafter) among rat colonies. In this study, we use ecological data on parasites and genomic sequencing of their rat hosts to examine associations between spatial proximity, genetic relatedness and the parasite communities associated with 133 rats at five sites in sections of New York City with persistent rat infestations. We build on previous work showing that rats in New York carry a wide variety of parasites and report that these communities differ significantly among sites, even across small geographical distances. Ectoparasite community similarity was positively associated with geographical proximity; however, there was no general association between distance and microbial communities of rats. Sites with greater overall parasite diversity also had rats with greater infection levels and parasite species richness. Parasite community similarity among sites was not linked to genetic relatedness of rats, suggesting that these communities are not associated with genetic similarity among host individuals or host dispersal among sites. Discriminant analysis identified site‐specific associations of several parasite species, suggesting that the presence of some species within parasite communities may allow researchers to determine the sites of origin for newly sampled rats. The results of our study help clarify the roles that colony structure and geographical proximity play in determining the ecology of R. norvegicus as a significant urban reservoir of zoonotic diseases. Our study also highlights the spatial variation present in urban rat parasite communities, indicating that rats across New York City are not reservoirs for a homogenous set of parasites and pathogens. As a result, the epidemiological risks may be similarly heterogeneous for people in urban habitats.     

日韩森林组合及林业机械技术考察报告

日韩两国森林组合制度有悠久的历史,日本茶油非加热精炼技术能有效保留茶油的营养与活性成分,韩国木屑生物成型燃料生产也有成功的经验。日韩的考察对于江西省林业产权制度改革后经营组织制度的建立、油茶产业的发展和森林资源的综合利用都有重要的意义。     

基于响应面模型的竹胶合板模板力学性能优化

为实现竹胶合板模板力学性能的优化,以竹胶合板模板纵、横方向的静曲强度和弹性模量作为力学性能优化评价的基本指标,运用正交试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,构建了竹胶合板模板工艺参数和力学性能指标的二阶响应面模型。基于该响应面模型,利用Pareto遗传算法对竹胶合板模板力学性能进行多目标优化,获得了10个Pareto解。通过对10个Pareto解与初始值力学性能进行比较与分析,结果表明:纵向静曲强度平均提高了12.80％;横向静曲强度平均提高了14.75％;纵向弹性模量平均提高了14.11％;横向弹性模量平均提高了8.59％。      

香榧种子胚乳DNA抽提

本文采用改良的ＣＴＡＢ法抽提香榧种子胚乳ＤＮＡ,获提成功。所提ＤＮＡ浓度较高。单个种子所抽提的ＤＮＡ量也较多,其纯度完全可以满足常规分子生物学实验的需要。     

可持续发展的若干理论问题思考

可持续发展这一新的发展理论和战略思想,已被国际社会普遍接受和认同。结合中国实际和传统文化,就可持续发展的内涵,可持续发展的自然理论观、系统观、资源观、森林观、山区观以及科技观,分别进行了论述。认为：２１世纪——绿色世纪,下一轮的产业革命必须是绿色,才有可持续发展,才会为人们带来真正的幸福。     

利用SSR分子标记建立杂交水稻指纹图谱

利用微卫星标记对大穗稻1126进行了DNA指纹图谱构建和品种鉴定的研究,77对引物中具有多态性的引物共36对,占所用引物的46．75％。利用这些SSR引物建立了1126的DNA指纹数据库,可以有效解决杂交水稻亲本1126的真伪性及与其他品种的区分问题。三组引物RM21、RM505、RM212共同扩增可以很好地将1126与其亲本Lemont与蜀恢527区分开来,可作为大穗稻1126的特征引物加以鉴定。由此可见利用微卫星分子标记技术进行水稻种子质量鉴定应用前景广阔。     

南亚热带丘陵3种人工林群落的生物量及净初级生产力

该文采用收获法和标准木法研究了南亚热带3种人工林群落:马占相思林、针叶林(马尾松+杉木)、木荷林(木荷+红荷)的生物量及净初级生产力,为揭示鹤山丘陵人工林的结构功能规律及全球变化生态学的研究提供基础资料。结果表明,林分现存生物量由大到小依次为:马占相思林(176.03 t/hm2)、木荷林(122.91 t/hm2)、针叶林(104.93 t/hm2)。在林分各层次的分配比例中,乔木层所占比例最大,为95.1%～98.7%;灌木层和草本层所占比例较小,尤其是草本层,灌木层为0.9%～4.5%,草本层为0.4%。净初级生产力（NPP）由大到小依次为:马占相思林(25.32 t/(hm2·a))、木荷林(17.93 t/(hm2·a))、针叶林(15.8 t/(hm2·a)),与林分生物量大小呈同样的规律。木荷林乔木层和灌木层的生物量增量所占比例高于另外两种林分,群落结构较复杂,生物量积累呈明显的增长趋势。