不同枣粉添加水平对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

为探讨日粮中不同枣粉添加量对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选取初始体重为（20.15±1.63） kg的40只6月龄健康白绒山羊,随机分为5组,每组8只羊,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0（对照组）、10%（Ⅰ试验组）、15%（Ⅱ试验组）、20%（Ⅲ试验组）、25%（Ⅳ试验组）的日粮,饲养试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮,饲喂期70 d,饲喂试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验羊,以羊背最长肌为试验材料,分别测定羊肉的基本营养成分、矿物质、肌纤维特性、外观品质、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量并进行比较分析。结果表明：1）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ试验组的屠宰率和净肉率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,对照组、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的骨肉比显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）;2）对照组的肌内脂肪含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）;3）Ⅲ组的肌纤维面积、直径和剪切力值最小（P<0.05）;4）Ⅲ组中棕榈酸（C16：0）和硬脂酸（C18：0）的含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ试验组（P<0.05）,花生四烯酸（C20：4n6）、α-亚麻酸（C18：2n6c）的含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.05）;5）Ⅳ组羊肉中的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量显著高于其他4组（P<0.05）。综上所述,枣粉添加改善了羊肉的嫩度,有利于羊肉中的矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸等营养成分的积累,从而使羊肉有较高的营养价值,综合考虑20%枣粉添加量时羊肉品质最好。     

基于随机森林的高寒草地地上生物量高光谱估算

草地地上生物量（Aboveground biomass,AGB）是衡量草地生产力的关键因素,准确测定草地AGB具有重要意义。高光谱因具有时效性强、不破坏草地等特点被广泛用于草地生理生态指标的测定。本研究提取和计算了海北试验站高寒草地冠层的原始光谱（Original spectrum,OR）反射率、一阶微分光谱（First derivative spectrum,FD）反射率、光谱位置面积参数（Spectral parameters of spectral position and area,PA）和植被指数（Vegetation indices,VI）4种不同类型的特征变量,使用连续投影算法（Successive projections algorithm,SPA）和递归特征消除算法（Recursive feature elimination,RFE）进行特征选择,采用随机森林算法（Random forest,RF）构建草地AGB估测模型。结果表明：在由4种特征变量分别构建的草地AGB估测模型中,基于VI的RF模型精度最高（测试集R²=0.70,RMSE=557.87 kg·ha^-1）,实测AGB与估测AGB的线性R²达到0.72;不同类型特征变量组合构建的草地AGB估测模型中,PA+VI组合的RF模型精度最高（R²=0.71,RMSE=548.97 kg·ha^-1）,实测AGB和估测AGB的线性R²达到0.73。     

论思维创新活动的自组织性

从知识社会学意义来看,思维创新活动的社会化过程存在着三个阶段。在潜思维创新阶段存在着社会思维系统内部由新质差别所引起的对常规思维平衡态的偏离即微观涨落。在趋显思维创新阶段,这种思维创新的微观涨落由于处在远离常规思维平衡态的非线性区域而不断得以放大与扩展,形成创新思维"巨涨落",从而推动着创新思维自身系统向新的有序化创新思维系统结构演进。在显思维创新阶段,各种思维创新主体及其思维知识信息相互融合和协同,在新的层次上形成了以新的思维范式为核心的社会创新思维有序化结构即社会创新思维耗散性结构。     

Flexure-torsion Analysis of Variable-curvature-box Girder Considering Non-coincidence of Torsion Center and Gravity Center

In order to consider the effect of non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center,the rectangular variable-curvature-box girder with vertical symmetrical axis is studied. Considering the influence of shear deflection and non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center, the elastic equilibrium formulas are established. Based on deformation equations of the girder and the relations of inner forces and deformations,the flexure-torsion differential equations are developed. The equilibrium differential equations and Galerkin methods formulas for clothoid curved box girder are presented.     

Investigation and Reference of the Mountain Tourist Hotel in Western Sichuan

Tourist hotel is the main supporting establishment for the touring industry.The authors investigated several important mountain beauty spots in the west of Sichuan province,some problems were found and their reasons were studied.Then,some common characters of mountain tourist hotels were summarized.It is hoped to give some reference to congenial buildings in west China in the future.     

A.A. Marcov Forecast Method of the System Ration in Estate Business Study

A. A. Markov Rolling Forecast Method is presented in this paper according to the dynamic characteristics of the estate business system. Test results reveal that the system quantitative forecast could be realized on the basis of previous samples, which provide a direction of the rational management in estate business. Concerning sample molding analysis and Markov Rolling Forecast Method, this paper gives a corresponding conclusion of analytic research quantitatively in order to demonstrate the formation of factors working in estate business activities and its systematic logistic connotation. Markov Rolling Forecast Method can be applied not only to short-term prediction but long term one as well, provided when the market is rather stable with no significant change during a regular period of time and when the rolling times of the state transition matrix are fairly enough.     

Accomplishment of Elastic-plastic Analysis in Geotechnical FEA

In order to realize elastic-plastic analysis in geotechnical FEA, in this paper, firstly, the method how to realize elastic-plastic analysis in Super-Sap is discussed. Then, this paper stresses to introduce the principle and the steps used to achieve the accomplishment of elastic-plastic analysis in Super-Sap. Finally, an engineering practice is given to prove that the geotechnical FEA elastic-plastic analysis and visualized post-processing can come true by it rapidly.     

厌氧水解-移动床生物膜反应器处理香精调料废水的研究

我国的香精调料行业发展很快,废水的成分复杂,浓度高,必须采用多种技术联合处理。针对某食用香精调料企业的废水特点,采用化学混凝预处理、厌氧水解和好氧移动床(MBBR)组合工艺处理,生产性装置的运行效果表明,COD,BOD5,SS和NH3-N等去除效率突出,完全可以达到排放标准,TN和TP的去除效率可分别达到66.3%~69.7%和83.0%~90.2%,其中,TN是由厌氧段反硝化和MBBR同步硝化反硝化实现,TP则通过化学混凝而去除。厌氧水解和MBBR是去除有机物和生物硝化的核心,曝气生物活性炭滤池进一步保证了出水的水质。     

煤层气发动机工作特性的试验研究

为了解涡流室式煤层气发动机的工作特性和排放规律,在不同负荷下,进行了燃用三种不同甲烷浓度的煤层气试验。试验结果显示:涡流室式燃烧系统能稳定燃烧甲烷浓度变化剧烈的煤层气;相同工况下,发动机的缸内峰值压力随甲烷浓度的降低而增加,但压力升高率的变化很小;甲烷浓度达到一定值时,甲烷浓度和负荷对主燃期的影响很小;煤层气发动机的CO和HC排放随甲烷浓度和负荷的增加而降低,NOx排放则相反。     

基于虚拟仪器的农产品"身份证"数字识别系统

介绍了基于虚拟仪器图形化语言LABVIEW开发的农产品"身份证"数字识别系统,采用CCD摄像机对农产品"身份证"编号进行采集,通过PCI-1411彩色图像采集卡将图像传输到计算机并进行图像处理,最后应用美国NI公司的OCR软件包对处理好的编号进行识别.结果表明,该系统抗干扰能力强且精度高.