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991.
992.
Improvement in winter wheat productivity through regulating PSII photochemistry,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under deficit irrigation conditions
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Deficit irrigation is critical to global food production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with low precipitation. Given water shortage has threatened agricultural sustainability under the dry-land farming system in China, there is an urgent need to develop effective water-saving technologies. We carried out a field study under two cultivation techniques: (1) the ridge and furrow cultivation model (R); and (2) the conventional flat farming model (F), and three simulated precipitation levels (1, 275 mm; 2, 200 mm; 3, 125 mm) with two deficit irrigation levels (150 and 75 mm). We demonstrated that under the ridge furrow (R) model, rainfall harvesting planting under 150 mm deficit irrigation combined with 200 mm simulated precipitation can considerably increase net photosynthesis rate (Pn), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), performance index of photosynthetic PSII (Fv/Fm′), and transformation energy potential of PSII (Fv/Fo). In addition, during the jointing, anthesis and grain-filling stages, the grain and biomass yield in the R model are 18.9 and 11.1% higher than those in the flat cultivation model, respectively, primarily due to improved soil water contents. The winter wheat fluorescence parameters were significantly positively associated with the photosynthesis, biomass and wheat production. The result suggests that the R cultivation model with irrigation of 150 mm and simulated precipitation of 200 mm is an effective planting method for enhancing Pn, biomass, wheat production, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in dry-land farming areas. 相似文献
993.
Tomato mottle mosaic virus: Characterization,resistance gene effectiveness,and quintuplex RT-PCR detection system
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Carlos Kwesi TETTEY YAN Zhi-yong MA Hua-yu ZHAO Mei-sheng GENG Chao TIAN Yan-ping LI Xiang-dong 《农业科学学报》2022,21(9):2641-2651
Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), an economically important species of the genus Tobamovirus, causes significant loss in yield and quality of tomato fruits. Here, we identified the Shandong isolate of ToMMV (ToMMV-SD) collected from symptomatic tomato fruits in Weifang, Shandong Province of China. ToMMV-SD caused symptoms such as severe mosaic, mottling, and necrosis of tomato leaves, yellow spot and necrotic lesions on tomato fruits. The obtained full genome of ToMMV-SD was 6 399 nucleotides (accession number MW373515) and had the highest identity of 99.5% with that of isolate SC13-051 from the United States of America at the genomic level. The infectious clone of ToMMV-SD was constructed and induced clear mosaic and necrotic symptoms onto Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Several commercial tomato cultivars, harboring Tm-22 resistance gene, and pepper cultivars, containing L resistance gene, were susceptible to ToMMV-SD. Plants of Solanum melongena (eggplant) and Brassica pekinensis (napa cabbage) showed mottling symptoms, while N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100 displayed latent infection. ToMMV-SD did not infect plants of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN, Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (bok choy), Raphanus sativus (radish), Vigna unguiculata cv. Yuanzhong 28-2 (cowpea), or Tm-22 transgenic N. benthamiana. A quintuplex RT-PCR system differentiated ToMMV from tomato mosaic virus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus, with the threshold amount of 0.02 pg. These results highlight the threat posed by ToMMV to tomato and pepper cultivation and offer an efficient detection system for the simultaneous detection of four tobamoviruses and tomato spotted wilt virus infecting tomato plants in the field. 相似文献
994.
Neopestalotiopsis eucalypti,a causal agent of grapevine shoot rot in cutting nurseries in China
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MA Xuan-yan JIAO Wei-qi LI Heng ZHANG Wei REN Wei-chao WU Yan ZHANG Zhi-chang LI Bao-hua ZHOU Shan-yue 《农业科学学报》2022,21(12):3684-3691
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop in the world, and China ranks first in the production of grapes with approximately 15% of the world's total yield. However, diseases that cause the death of grapevine shoots pose a severe threat to the production of grapes. In this study, the fungus Neopestalotiopsis eucalypti was identified as a causal pathogen of grapevine shoot rot based on the morphology of conidia and a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis was performed with three isolates based on the combined sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (Tef) and the β-tubulin (Tub2) genes. The three isolates were all identified as N. eucalypti. Pathogenicity tests of the three fungal isolates were conducted on grapevines shoots in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that all three fungal isolates caused severe rot lesions on the inoculated grapevine shoots, and N. eucalypti was re-isolated from the inoculated grapevine shoots. Therefore, N. eucalypti was confirmed as a causal agent of the grapevine shoot rot. This is the first report of N. eucalypti causing grapevine shoot disease in China. 相似文献
995.
Commercial cash crop production and households’ economic welfare: Evidence from the pulse farmers in rural China
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Whether promoting cash crop production can increase household welfare has long been the focus of the food policy debate. This study first investigated the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming. It then examined how households’ commercial pulse production improves their economic welfare. We used a dataset of 848 households collected from 2018 to 2019 to estimate the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming by the Heckman two-step model. The endogenous treatment regression (ETR) method was employed to examine the impact of commercial pulse farming on household economic welfare. The results showed that factors such as market purchase prices, agricultural technology services, farmers’ access to loans, and government subsidies promoted smallholders’ commercial pulse farming; production costs and perceptions of climate change risks constrained smallholders’ commercial pulse production. Overall, commercial pulse production has increased household farm income but there was a limited impact on household off-farm income. Our findings suggest that policies aiming to increase households’ cash crop production and market access could significantly improve the economic welfare of pulse farmers. 相似文献
996.
为提高江苏河蟹主产区产量预测能力,以此为基础制定科学合理的河蟹养殖发展规划,本研究对河蟹主产区附近设立的7个观测台站2013—2017年的气象数据和该区产量数据进行了采集,利用插值法补足少量缺失值,通过主成分分析选取了最能代表江苏省河蟹主产区特点的5个主成分作为研究对象建立BP神经网络,探索其用于江苏省河蟹主产区产量随气象因子变化的规律。结果表明,通过PCA主成分分析降维处理后数据的大部分特点能被BP神经网络学习到,预测值与真实之间的相关系数为0.82267,具备一定的模拟气象因子数据与产量之间的关系的能力。 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
为探讨不同土壤改良剂对植烟土壤和烤烟品质的改良效果,设置不施用肥料(CK)和分别施用聚丙烯酰胺(T1)、生物炭(T2)和高碳基有机肥(T3)共4个处理,采用大田试验研究了不同处理对烤烟农艺性状、土壤理化性质、烟叶内在品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明,T3处理烤烟具有更高的生长指标,尤其在最大叶面积上显著高于T1和T2处理,增幅分别为17.06%和14.48%;T3处理土壤电导率显著增高,较T1和T2处理分别提高了83.38%和85.82%;T2处理土壤有机碳含量最高,相比于T1和T3处理,增幅分别为113.60%和53.45%;相比于CK,T3处理土壤细菌数量显著提高了10.44%,真菌数量显著降低17.51%;与CK相比,T2和T3处理显著提高了烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾含量和糖碱比、钾氯比,烟叶氯含量不同程度降低。T3处理下烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量较T1处理显著提高了8.22%、12.67%和5.26%;在产量、产值指标上,T3处理较T1和T2处理分别显著提高了14.29%和7.01%、20.81%和12.62%。说明施用土壤改良剂能不同程度提高土壤养分和烟叶内在品质,以高碳基有机肥处理效果最佳。 相似文献
1000.
为研究不同施锌水平对盐碱地玉米生理特性及籽粒锌含量的影响,以科河699为供试材料,采用随机区组设计进行田间试验,根据不同施锌肥方式设置6个处理:T0(0 kg·hm-2)、T1(7.5 kg·hm-2)、T2(15 kg·hm-2)、T3(22.5 kg·hm-2)、T4(30 kg·hm-2)、T5(37.5 kg·hm-2),测定不同处理下玉米生理特性、籽粒锌含量及产量。结果表明,施锌降低了盐碱地玉米叶片相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量,灌浆期T3处理的叶片相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量分别较T0处理降低了22.3%、24.7%、15.9%;施锌提高了玉米叶片保护性酶活性,大喇叭口期T3处理的超化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性分别较T0处理提高了68.7%、152.1%和72.6%;同时,玉米籽粒锌含量和产量随施锌量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,均在T3处理下达到最大值;T3处理能提高玉米叶片及茎秆中锌素的转移率及贡献率,减少玉米秃尖,增加穗长、穗粒数和百粒重,从而提高玉米籽粒锌含量和产量。以上结果表明,适量施锌肥可以提高玉米叶片生理活性,增强玉米对盐碱环境的抵抗能力,且当施锌量为22.5 kg·hm-2时玉米产量及籽粒锌含量均最高。 相似文献