Collecting plant genetic resources in Cuba

Summary After a short introduction into recent collecting activities in Cuba information is provided concerning the joint expedition of the Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical and the Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung in the province of Holguín, Eastern Cuba, in February 1986 within the agreement between the Academy of Sciences of Cuba and the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic. Altogether 249 accessions of vegetables, pulses, cereals and other crops were collected. A remarkable diversity was found inCapsicum andPhaseolus. The material collected is important for breeding purposes.

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Sammlung pflanzlicher genetischer Ressourcen in Kuba

Zusammenfassung Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Sammelarbeit der letzten Jahre in Kuba folgen Informationen über die gemeinsame Expedition des Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical und des Zentralinstituts für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, die im Rahmen des Abkommens zwischen der Akademie der Wissenschaften Kubas und der Akademie der Wissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik im Februar 1986 durchgeführt wurde und in die Provinz Holguín, Ost-Kuba, führte. Insegsamt wurden 249 Proben von Gemüsen, Hülsenfrüchten, Getreiden und anderen Fruchtarten gesammelt. Eine bemerkenswerte Variation wurde beiCapsicum andPhaseolus gefunden. Das Sammelmaterial ist für Züchtungszwecke von Bedeutung.

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¶rt; , , , ¶rt; . C 1986 . . 249 , , . Capsicum Phaseolus. .

     

Chemical stratification in the Seneca/Oswego rivers (NY)

The occurrence and characteristics of chemically-based density stratification in portions of the Seneca and Oswego Rivers, downstream of ion-polluted Onondaga Lake, are described for seven different days in the summer and fall of 1978 and 1981, which covered a wide range of river flows. The results indicate that chemically-based density stratification occurs routinely in the Seneca River downstream of the lake inflow, in response to a continuous chemically-based density difference between the two systems of 0.0015 to 0.0030 g cm^?3. The persistence of the phenomenon, and therefore the longitudinal range over which the river stratification occurred, was dependent on the velocity of river flow and the magnitude of the density gradient that bordered the upper river water and the lower released lake water. During the low flows common to summer the stratification extended approximately 14 km downstream to a dam, and 3 km upstream, of the lake outlet — river junction. Vertical mixing between the stratified layers increased as the flow in the Seneca River increased, and as the vertical density gradient decreased. A dimensionless group, $$\frac{D}{{V\left( {\frac{\rho }{{\Delta _\rho /\Delta _z }}} \right)}}$$ where: D = apparent vertical diffusion (m² hr^?1), V = average velocity of the overlying river flow (m hr^?1 ), p = density at the interface between the stratified layers (g cm^?3), and Ap/Az = density gradient between the stratified layers (g cm^?3 m^?1), was found to be constant for summer low flow conditions for a 6.5 km length of the Seneca River, thus quantifying the interaction between vertical mixing and the included influences for that portion of the river. The occurrence of chemical stratification in the river had dramatic implications on the corresponding distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO). The isolation of the organically enriched lake water in the lower layer enhanced the depletion of DO there, which resulted in the development of substantial (> 4.0 mg 1^?1 ) DO stratification downstream of the discharge from the lake during summer low flow periods.     

Problems ofPapaver somniferum-classification and some remarks on recently collected European poppy land-races

Summary The principles of formal classification of cultivated plants are discussed with reference toPapaver somniferum. This species can be divided into 3 subspecies-the ancestral wild race ssp.setigerum (Dc.)Corb. and the two cultivated races ssp.somniferum and ssp.songaricum Basil. differing in geographical distribution and characters of the stigmatic lobes. In both of the cultivated races two convars are accepted on the basis of their indehiscent vs. shattering capsules. Varieties are defined according toDanert (1958) using seed- and flower-colours.Poppies, recently collected in parts of central Europe, are classified according to the proposed system. Unlike other crops, very variable land-races of poppies can still be found in this region. About 20 percent of the totally accepted varieties could be found, containing also races from ssp.songaricum and types with shattering capsules. The handling and maintaining of this material in the Gatersleben gene-bank is briefly discussed.

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Probleme der Klassifikation vonPapaver somniferum und einige Bemerkungen zu unlängst gesammelten europäischen Mohn-Landsorten

Zusammenfassung Grundzüge der formalen Klassifikation von Kulturpflanzen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung vonPapaver somniferum werden diskutiert. Diese Art kann in drei Subspecies aufgegliedert werden — die wilde Ausgangssippe ssp.setigerum (DC.)Corb. und die beiden Kultursippen ssp.somniferum und ssp.songaricum Basil., die sich durch ihre geografische Verbreitung und Merkmale der Narbenscheiben voneinander abgrenzen lassen. In beiden Kultursippen werden je zwei Convarietäten unter Zugrundelegung ihres Schließ- bzw. Schüttmohncharakters unterschieden. Varietäten werden nachDanert (1958) anhand der Samen- und Blütenfarben definiert.Die in jüngster Zeit in einigen Teilen Zentraleuropas gesammelten Mohne werden nach dem vorgeschlagenen System klassifiziert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Kulturpflanzen können in diesen Gebieten noch sehr variable Mohn-Landsorten gefunden werden. Ungefähr 20% der im System aufgeführten Varietäten konnten gesammelt werden, einschließlich einiger Vertreter der ssp.songaricum und von Schüttmohnsippen. Die Bearbeitung und Erhaltung dieses Materials in der Genbank Gatersleben wird kurz diskutiert.

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Papaver somniferum

, ë Papaver somniferum. ë : — ssp.setigerum (DC.)Corb. — ssp.somniferum ssp.songaricum Basil., . (convarietas) — . , (1958) . , , . , ë . 20% , ë , ssp.songaricum . .

     

Prüfung vonAegilops-Arten auf Resistenz gegenPseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton

Zusammenfassung 490 Sippen von 21Aegilops-Arten wurden in den Jahren 1980 bis 1982 unter Freilandbedingungen mit künstlicher Infektion auf Resistenz gegenüber dem Erreger der Halmbruchkrankheit des Getreides,Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton geprüft. Außerdem erfolgte an ausgewählten Sippen die Prüfung der Jungpflanzenanfälligkeit im Phytotron. Unter denAegilops-Mustern erwiesen sich im Freiland 31 Herkünfte als resistent bzw. schwach anfällig. Im einzelnen handelte es sich um Vertreter der ArtenAe. ventricosa, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. kotschyi, Ae. bicornis, Ae. columnaris, Ae. lorentii, Ae. peregrina, Ae. geniculata, Ae. speltoides, Ae. crassa undAe. tauschii. Die im Jungpflanzenstadium geprüften 7 Sippen, 3 vonAe. ventricosa und je 1 vonAe. bicornis, Ae. kotschyi undAe. lorentii, waren ebenfalls resistent bzw. schwach anfällig.

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TestingAegilops species for their reaction toPseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton

Summary From 1980–1982 490 accessions out of 21Aegilops species were tested in a field trial with artificial infection regarding their resistance toPseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton in cereal crops. Simultaneously, selected accessions were checked for their susceptibility in the seedling stage under controlled conditions in the phytotrone. Among theAegilops samples 31 accessions proved to be resistant or only slightly susceptible. This refers toAe. ventricosa, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. kotschyi, Ae. bicornis, Ae. columnaris, Ae. lorentii, Ae. peregrina, Ae. geniculata, Ae. speltoides, Ae. crassa andAe. tauschii. The accessions checked in the seedling stage, i. e. 3 ofAe. ventricosa and 1 ofAe. bicornis, Ae. kotschyi andAe. lorentii, showed also resistance or only low susceptibility.

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Aegilops Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides

1980–1982 . 490 21 Aegilops Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton. , . Aegilops 31 ; ¶rt; Ae. ventricosa, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. kotschyi, Ae. bicornis, Ae. columnaris, Ae. lorentii, Ae. peregrina, Ae. geniculata, Ae. speltoides, Ae. crassa, Ae. tauschii. , , Ae. ventricosa Ae. bicornis, Ae. kotschyi, Ae. lorentii .

     

Taxonomic status and geographic provenance of germplasm accessions in the Solanum nigrum L. complex: AFLP data

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) were employed within the taxonomically difficult Solanum nigrum L. complex in order to characterize the genetic diversity present in a collection of the Gatersleben Genebank, to classify taxonomically unknown material, and to correlate the clustering of the examined accessions with their geographic origin. The results from AFLP analyses using two primer combinations on 44 entries from five species led to the detection of four major clusters, simultaneously uncovering significant differences in the levels of genetic diversity within or between species. S. americanumexhibited the highest infraspecific variation despite close geographic origins, simultaneously being placed in a clearly separated cluster in comparison to the other examined species of the complex. In addition, these other species showed even less interspecific variation than was found at the infraspecific level in S. americanum. In terms of taxonomy, the application of AFLPs helped in the classification of 13 black nightshade accessions formerly only listed as Solanum sp. This also was confirmed by morphological determination. Furthermore, one accession formerly classified as S. physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum i) clustered with AFLPs and ii) was identified morphologically as S. villosum. Contradictory classifications remain for two further entries from the same species, found within the S. nigrum cluster after AFLP analyses, while belonging to S. physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum according to herbarium specimen. Finally, as indicated by the information on provenance in geographically separated subclusters in S. americanum and partially in S. villosum, clues on the currently unknown origin of accessions from the genebank seem feasible by AFLP data.     

Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of the pH and Heavy Metals in a Soil Polluted by Mine Spill. Post Cleaning Effects

The bursting of the mining dam of Aznalcollar (Seville, Spain) triggered an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the river Guadiamar valley as a result of the leaching of the pyritic sludge deposited on them. After the cleaning operations which included, as well as mechanical clearing, the addition of different amendments, some areas with residual sludge remained, from which some heavy metals are being mobilized by the cyclical recharge and discharge processes of water in the profiles. This paper analyzes the effect of the soil recovery operations and the climatology on the concentration of metals and their distribution in the soil profile in an area affected by the toxic spill. Fourteen points have been selected in a plot in which acidity persists, there is no vegetation, and residual sludge stains can be seen at a glance. The temporal and spatial evolution of the extractable metals: Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn, the pH and the oxidable fraction has been measured in-depth. The results obtained up to now indicate a leaching of the pollutant towards deeper horizons, finding, at a depth of 757 cm, pH values of 3.5 and very high Fe and Mn concentrations available, especially in the profiles with large sized pores, with a big fraction of sand. On the surface, seasonally, there are low pH values of around 2.5 and extractable Fe contents of over 4000 ppm, which might have an influence on the quality of surface runoff or underground water.     

Application of a Balanced Scorecard System for Supporting Decision-Making in Contaminated Sites Remediation

This work introduces the development and application of a multi-goal evaluation procedure for assessing sets of remedial options that have previously been found technically suitable for managing a certain contaminated site. The construction of this decision support tool, in the form of a balanced scorecard, has followed a multi-attribute conception of the contaminated sites problem, identifying the most critical aspects considered by all stakeholders involved in contaminated sites management decisions. The developed tool has been checked in its formulation and application against an export benchmark of an Austrian remediation project. The performed evaluation allowed to identify and suggest a remedial option that best fitted the expectations of all stakeholders involved in the project. Furthermore, through the accomplishment of a sensitivity analysis it has been demonstrated that the system is stable and robust in terms of the chosen elicitation schemes, and that the preferences of the different stakeholders are influencing factors on the final result. The results and conclusions of this work present the benefits of implementing the developed balanced scorecard as a tool for supporting decision making in contaminated sites remediation projects.     

霉菌毒素结合制剂在营养策略中所扮演的角色

1 简介霉菌毒素是霉菌代谢的次级产物，这种物质很可能在饲料的制造与贮存过程中污染到饲料。目前已知至少有300种以上霉菌代谢产物会使动物及人类中毒，全世界谷物中有25％受到霉菌毒素的污染，而且达到可量测的浓度。在这些毒素中，已知有很多种物质明显影响动物的健康，对动物生产造成重大影响。2 霉菌毒素的产生在自然状态下霉菌毒素的产生是一个全球性问题，但是世界上某些特定地区霉菌毒素产生的情形比其他地区频繁。在较冷或气候较温和的地区，例如加拿大、美国的北部及多数欧洲国家，黄曲霉毒素并不是主要问题，除了进口的饲料原料…     

Bericht über eine Reise nach Ostmähren und der Slowakei 1974 zur Sammlung autochthoner Sippen von Kulturpflanzen

Ohne Zusammenfassung