Cytogenetic characterization of a canine haemangiopericytoma

A 15-year-old dachshund bitch developed a haemangiopericytoma in the perineal region. The cytogenetic evaluation of the tumour cells showed a chromosome number of 74. The following abnormalities were found: an intersitially deleted chromosome no. 1 and centric fusions 5/6, 5/14, 7/15 and 9/17.     

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Clinical experience with kennel-specific E. coli oral vaccines in dogs

Kennel-specific oral E. coli vaccines were tested for efficacy and side effects at breeding and boarding kennels with severe diarrhoea problems. Oral vaccines contained heat inactivated E. coli bacteria from specific kennels and were given once daily for 14 days. Oral vaccines were administered directly orally to puppies while for adult dogs vaccines were mixed with daily food rations. In breeding kennels with 4 to 10 week old puppies suffering from non-fatal diarrhoea, the oral immunization led to a decrease in morbidity from 86.5% to 0%. In kennels with some cases of fatal diarrhoea the rate of morbidity decreased from 45% to 21% and the mortality rate from 25% to 10.3% after using the vaccination. By vaccinating adult dogs in boarding kennels the morbidity rate dropped from 83.5% to 6.5% and the mortality rate from 4.1% to 0.5%. The kennel specific oral E. coli vaccine was found to be free of side effects. No adverse effects were observed in either puppies or adult dogs.     

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Coronaviridae, pathogenetic and clinical aspects: An update

A review is given about pathogenetic and clinical aspects of the well-known as well as of recently detected members of the family Coronaviridae. Special attention is paid to coronavirus infections of domestic cattle and pets, whereas avian, murine, rat and human coronaviruses are summarized briefly.     

Age effects on Norway spruce (Picea abies) susceptibility to ozone uptake: a novel approach relating stress avoidance to defense

Cumulative ozone (O3) uptake and O3 flux were related to physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees of different ages. Under ambient CO2 conditions, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) declined in mature trees when cumulative O3 uptake into needles, which provides a measure of effective O3 dose, exceeded 21 mmol m-2 of total needle surface area. A comparable decline in Amax of seedlings occurred when cumulative O(3) uptake was only 4.5 mmol m-2. The threshold O3 flux causing a significant decline in Amax ranged between 2.14 and 2.45 nmol m-2 s-1 in mature trees and seedlings subjected to exposure periods of > or = 70 and > or = 23 days, respectively. The greater O3 sensitivity of young trees compared with mature trees was associated with needle morphology. Biomass of a 100-needle sample increased significantly with tree age, whereas a negative correlation was found for specific leaf area, these changes parallel those observed during differentiation from shade-type to sun-type needles with tree ontogeny. Age-dependent changes in leaf morphology were related to changes in detoxification capacity, with area-based concentrations of ascorbate increasing during tree ontogeny. These findings indicate that the extent of O3-induced injury is related to the ratio of potentially available antioxidants to O3 influx. Because this ratio, when calculated for ascorbate, increased with tree age, we conclude that the ratio may serve as an empirical basis for characterizing age-related differences in tree responses to O3.     

Interactions between soil scarification and Norway spruce seedling types

Interactions between scarification treatments and seedling types of Norway spruce were examined at two different locations in southern Sweden. The scarification treatments were not scarified control, mounding and soil inversion and the seedling types were a 10 week-old containerized seedling (mini seedling), a 2 year-old containerized seedling and a 2 year-old hybrid seedling, grown as a containerized seedling the first year and as a bare-root seedling the second year. Site preparation intensity had a greater effect on the mini seedlings. The results indicated that mini seedlings established faster in the soil inversion treatment compared to the larger seedling types. At the same seedling age, the mini seedlings had faster or similar growth rate as the containerized and the hybrid seedlings regardless of scarification treatment. Although mini seedlings grew as well as or even better than larger seedlings if they were successfully established, they were more sensitive to their planting environment and proper handling was critical. Problems with frost heaving and competing vegetation have to be taken into consideration when choosing site preparation method and seedling type.