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381.
Laan TT Bull S Pirie RS Fink-Gremmels J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):429-437
Cyclic AMP elevating agents have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in addition to functions such as bronchodilation. The aim of this study was to investigate this dual action of clenbuterol (CB; Ventipulmin) on horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Seven RAO susceptible horses received inhalation challenges with aerosolised lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hay dust suspension (HDS) and Aspergillus fumigatus antigen (AF) with and without prior treatment with intravenous CB. Data showed that CB exerted significant beneficial effects on lung function, total cell count (TCC) and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx. In addition, CB significantly decreased the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the alveolar macrophages of RAO-susceptible horses after challenge with LPS and HDS, and increased the expression of interleukin-6, known to act as a pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine, following different challenges. This anti-inflammatory activity of CB is of additive value to its currently recognised use in equine RAO. 相似文献
382.
Yasser Mahmoud Awad Johanna Pausch Yong Sik Ok Yakov Kuzyakov 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(3):621-631
Purpose
The applications of biochar (BC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) may have interactive effects on carbon (C) dynamics and sequestration for improving the soil quality and achieving sustainable agriculture. Relative to BC and PAM, rhizodeposits act as C and energy source for microorganisms and may change the mineralization dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM). No attempt has been made to assess the effects of BC, anionic PAM, or their combination on the decomposition of different aged 14C-labeled rhizodeposits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the treatments mentioned above on the decomposition of different aged 14C-labeled maize rhizodeposits.Materials and methods
biochar (BC) at 10 Mg ha?1 or anionic PAM at 80 kg ha?1 or their combination (BC + PAM) was applied to soils with/without 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-day-aged 14C-labeled maize rhizodeposits. After that, the soil was incubated at 22 °C for 46 days.Results and discussion
After 2 days of incubation, the total CO2 efflux rates from the soil with rhizodeposits were 1.4–1.8 times higher than those from the soil without rhizodeposits. The cumulative 14CO2 efflux (32 % of the 14C input) was maximal for the soil containing 2-day-aged 14C-labeled rhizodeposits. Consequently, 2-day-aged rhizodeposits were more easily and rapidly decomposed than the older rhizodeposits. However, no differences in the total respired 14CO2 from rhizodeposits were observed at the end of the incubation. Incorporation of 14C into microbial biomass and 66–85 % of the 14C input remained in the soil after 46 days indicated that neither the age of 14C-labeled rhizodeposits nor BC, PAM, or BC + PAM changed microbial utilization of rhizodeposits.Conclusions
Applying BC or BC + PAM to soil exerted only minor effects on the decomposition of rhizodeposits. The contribution of rhizodeposits to CO2 efflux from soil and MBC depends on their age as young rhizodeposits contain more labile C, which is easily available for microbial uptake and utilization.383.
Filgueira Juan Jose Ávila Kelly Johanna López Karen Roció Mugno Paula Andrea Zambrano Juan Camilo Cruz Ana Milena Villamil-Garzón Luz Angela Cruz-Jiménez Adriana Milena 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2018,125(5):515-515
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the article mentioned above, an author’s name was misspelled. 相似文献
384.
Aloysius T.M. van Helmond Lars O. Mortensen Kristian S. Plet‐Hansen Clara Ulrich Coby L. Needle Daniel Oesterwind Lotte Kindt‐Larsen Thomas Catchpole Stephen Mangi Christopher Zimmermann Hans Jakob Olesen Nick Bailey Heidrikur Bergsson Jrgen Dalskov Jon Elson Malo Hosken Lisa Peterson Howard McElderry Jon Ruiz Johanna P. Pierre Claude Dykstra Jan Jaap Poos 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(1):162-189
Since the beginning of the 21st century, electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a cost‐efficient supplement to existing catch monitoring programmes in fisheries. An EM system consists of various activity sensors and cameras positioned on vessels to remotely record fishing activity and catches. The first objective of this review was to describe the state of play of EM in fisheries worldwide and to present the insights gained on this technology based on 100 EM trials and 12 fully implemented programmes. Despite its advantages, and its global use for monitoring, progresses in implementation in some important fishing regions are slow. Within this context, the second objective was to discuss more specifically the European experiences gained through 16 trials. Findings show that the three major benefits of EM were as follows: (a) cost‐efficiency, (b) the potential to provide more representative coverage of the fleet than any observer programme and (c) the enhanced registration of fishing activity and location. Electronic monitoring can incentivize better compliance and discard reduction, but the fishing managers and industry are often reluctant to its uptake. Improved understanding of the fisher's concerns, for example intrusion of privacy, liability and costs, and better exploration of EM benefits, for example increased traceability, sustainability claims and market access, may enhance implementation on a larger scale. In conclusion, EM as a monitoring tool embodies various solid strengths that are not diminished by its weaknesses. Electronic monitoring has the opportunity to be a powerful tool in the future monitoring of fisheries, particularly when integrated within existing monitoring programmes. 相似文献
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