新时期蚕业技术推广方式研究

在传统蚕业向现代蚕业转变的新时期,要提高土地产出率、劳动生产率、资源利用率,必须创新蚕桑技术推广方式,根据不同群体的个性化需求提供针对性的技术服务,采取印发实用技术资料、应用多媒体培训手段、设立专家咨询电话、建立蚕业短信平台、进行现场示范培训、培育示范大户、建立蚕需物资配送网络、创立蚕业生产数据库等群众看得见、摸得着、直观、简便的推广方式,及时、有效地将实用技术传递到蚕农手中。     

夏季日粮中主要营养水平对肉种母鸡生产性能的影响

为研究夏季日粮中粗脂肪、粗蛋白、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平对肉种鸡生产性能的影响,27周龄良凤肉用种母鸡随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复为490只,处理一饲喂对照日粮(CF2.7%,CP16.5%,Lys0.83%,Met0.40%),处理二饲喂高脂肪日粮(CF5.43%),处理三饲喂高蛋白日粮(CP18.2%),处理四饲喂高赖氨酸和蛋氨酸日粮(Lys0.91%,Met0.44%),试验期共112天。结果表明,对照日粮的营养水平是适合的,在此基础上分别增加日粮的粗脂肪水平、粗蛋白水平、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸水平,都不能提高肉种母鸡的生产性能,也不能减轻夏季炎热带来的影响。     

Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV can partially protect piglets against FMDV challenge

One of the crucial factors for evaluation of an effective genetically engineered vaccine is whether susceptible animals are protected from virus challenge after vaccination. In this study, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV-P12A3C) that expressed capsid precursor polypeptide P12A and nonstructural protein 3C of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was used as a vaccine. The expression of P12A3C and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against FMDV challenge were measured. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after each immunization. Subsequently, each piglet was challenged with 1000 ID₅₀ (50% infection dose) FMDV serotype O, named OR/80, which is used to produce vaccine in China. PRV-P12A3C induced a high level of neutralizing antibody and FMDV-specific lymphocytes. Inactivated vaccine provided 100% protection, and the vector strain (TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻) showed no protection. PRV-P12A3C induced 60% protection, compared with piglets that were vaccinated with TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻. The severity of clinical signs for the remaining two piglets was lighter and the appearance of vesicles was delayed.     

犬Ⅱ型腺病毒自然弱毒株的分离与鉴定

从一只３月龄病犬中分离出一株犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ）,暂定名为ＹＣＡ１８。从一系列形态学、生理化学、生物学和分子病毒学实验证明这是一株Ⅱ型犬腺病毒自然弱毒。此毒株能在犬、猪肾原代细胞和传代细胞系上生长,能产生腺病毒感染的特征性细胞病变,细胞肿胀,变圆和呈“葡萄串样”。在细胞核内可见病毒粒子及其前本的晶格状排列,病毒粒子呈２０面体立体对称,表面有排列整齐的壳粒;能抵抗乙醚的处理,在ＰＨ３及５０℃温度中稳定     

家蚕病原性微孢子虫孢子表面蛋白的选择性分离与总蛋白比较分析

选择性分离了Ｎｏｓｅｍａｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ孢子表面蛋白和总蛋白，采用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测发现，孢子表面蛋白由分子量不同的３种亚基（３２０００、２６０００、２４５００Ｄａ）组成，其总蛋白至少包括２５个条带。同时将从养蚕生产中收集到的两种微粒子ＭＡ－１和ＭＤ－１以及从野外昆虫收集到的微孢子虫Ｐｈａ－Ｍ和Ｈａ－Ｍ与Ｎ．ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ进行了比较，发现不同微孢子虫间蛋白组成有差异。     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

兔病毒性出血症鸡源高免蛋黄抗体的研究与应用

用兔病毒性出血症抗原免疫产蛋鸡,收集高免蛋,精制蛋黄抗体(IgY),采用血凝抑制试验(HI)测定IgY的最高滴度为15 1og2.通过IgY的被动免疫保护试验证实,IgY滴度稀释至13 1og2时肌肉注射体重2.0～2.5kg的健康非免家兔5.0mL/只,可抵抗兔病毒性出血症强毒RC株1.0mL(血凝价HA为9 1og2)的攻击.临床应用效果显示:IgY(HI为13 log2)对发病兔进行紧急防治,治愈率为84.38%～92.86%,能迅速控制疫情.     

浅圆仓仓顶自动喷水降温试验

为了缓解夏季高温对仓温及粮温的影响,对浅圆仓仓顶进行自动喷水降温试验,利用水的蒸发带走仓顶热量,以减少外热向仓内热传递,减缓仓温和粮温上升,从而延缓粮食陈化速度,保持粮食原有品质,确保储粮安全度夏,为最终实现绿色储粮创造有利条件。     

多酚对草鱼生长、肝脂及免疫功能的影响

以体长为12.5～13.5cm的草鱼种为试验对象,在基础饲料中分别添加20、40mg/kg的α-苯基苯并吡喃——一种植物多酚类物质,研究其对草鱼生长性能、肝脂代谢及免疫功能的影响,2个月后测定的结果表明,添加40mg/kg剂量可以显著提高草鱼的净增重(P0.05)、肥满度(P0.05)以及血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LSZ)的活力(P0.05),显著降低草鱼的饵料系数(P0.05)以及血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸转氨酸(AST)(P0.05),对草鱼的肌肉品质没有显著的影响。     

红嘴蓝鹊的巢址选择

2011 ～2013年2～7月,对红嘴蓝鹊（Urocissa erythrorhyncha）的巢址选择进行了研究,结果表明：红嘴蓝鹊营巢最早开始于2月下旬,结束于6月下旬;第一窝出飞后,即开始另选巢址进行第二窝繁殖,原巢不再利用.红嘴蓝鹊营巢于树上,选择2～4月建巢,均为常绿树种;5～6月建巢既有常绿树种,也有落叶树种.巢树平均高度（11.12 ±4.15）m、胸径（26.23±12.85）cm、巢高（7.35±2.80）m （n=13）,主成分分析表明,影响红嘴蓝鹊巢址选择的主要因子有3个,依次为：巢树因子（主要包括：树高、树胸径、巢高）、隐蔽与食物水源因子（巢上郁闭度、巢距最近食源地距离、巢距最近水源距离）、光与人类活动影响因子（巢与巢枝朝向、巢距道路距离）.繁殖期红嘴蓝鹊对人为干扰与噪音敏感,巢位较低和较大的暴风雨等均可能造成红嘴蓝鹊弃巢.