内涵建设科学发展——我校落实科学发展观的几点思考

本文通过对国内外高等教育发展历史与现状的分析、对比,结合我校实际和区域经济社会发展对人才的需求,提出了以质量为核心,重内涵建设,深化教学改革,加强师资队伍建设和学科建设,强化管理,处理好几个关系,实现学校科学发展的思路。     

Effects of genetic entry and competition on above ground biomass production of Norway spruce grown in southern Finland

The effects of genetic entry and competition on the above ground dry biomass production (i.e. stem wood, needles, branches and harvest index) was studied in 20 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones grown in southern Finland. Furthermore, the measured above ground biomass components were compared against the corresponding estimations based on biomass models developed previously. The clones included both Finnish and Russian clones, as well as provenance-hybrids clones. Differences existed between clones in stem dry mass production, but not in harvest index or in crown dry mass. However, the competition caused by neighboring trees also significantly affected above ground dry biomass, as well as the biomass of crown and stem separately. Differences in competition between the clones could not be found. Unlike the dry mass of branches, the dry mass of needles and stem could be estimated well for individual sample trees with the available biomass models. Moreover, the clone with the largest above ground dry biomass production had nearly doubled production, on average, than the average over all clones. Thus, some of the clones showed especially high potential for biomass recovery in energy wood thinning.     

钾肥对直播密植枣园幼龄骏枣光合特性的影响

以新疆阿拉尔垦区典型的直播密植栽培模式下的骏枣为试材,研究钾肥施用量、施用时期以及施肥方式等对骏枣叶片叶绿素含量及光合特性的影响。结果表明,增施钾肥整体上提高骏枣叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率（P_n）和瞬时水分利用率(WUE),且以果实膨大期追施30 kg/667m和叶面肥喷施w=0.6%的钾肥处理效果较好。坐果期施钾肥显著提高WUE,但降低叶片蒸腾速率（T_r）,其他参数指标差异不显著。说明施肥时期对骏枣叶片的光合特性影响较小。同时,骏枣叶片的叶绿素含量与其光合能力存在显著正相关。     

Determination of 49 organophosphorus pesticide residues and their metabolites in fish, egg, and milk by dual gas chromatography-dual pulse flame photometric detection with gel permeation chromatography cleanup

A new method for the quantitative determination of 49 kinds of organophosphorus pesticide residues and their metabolites in fish, egg, and milk by dual gas chromatography-dual pulse flame photometric detection was developed. Homogenized samples were extracted with acetone and methylene chloride (1 + 1, v/v), and then the extracts were cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The response of each organophosphorus pesticide showed a good linearity with its concentration; the linearity correlation was not less than 0.99. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of pesticides were in the range of 0.001-0.025 mg kg?1. The recovery experiments were performed by blank sample spiked at low, medium, and high fortification levels. The recoveries for fish, egg, and milk were 50.9-142.2, 53.3-137.2, and 50.3-139.4% with relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 6) of 2.3-24.9, 4.3-26.7, and 2.8-32.2%, respectively. The method was applied to detect organophosphorus pesticides in samples collected from the market, and satisfactory results were obtained. This quantitative method was highly sensitive and exact and could be applied to the accurate determination of organophosphorus contaminants in fish, egg, and milk.     

A scavenging double mask to reduce workplace contamination during mask induction of inhalation anesthesia in dogs

Background

Workplace contamination by the use of volatile anesthetic agents should be kept to a minimum if a potential health hazard is to be minimised. Mask induction of animals is a common procedure. The present study investigates the efficiency of a novel scavenging double mask in reducing waste gas concentrations in the breathing zone of the anesthetist performing this procedure.

Methods

Twelve beagle dogs (ASA I) undergoing general anesthesia for a dental procedure were intravenously premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol (10 μg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced via a custom-made scavenging mask using isoflurane in oxygen. In six dogs (group S), scavenging from the mask was performed whereas in six other dogs (group NS) the scavenging function was disabled. Isoflurane concentration was continuously measured with photoacoustic spectroscopy at the level of the shoulder of the anesthetist before and during mask induction and additionally during intubation. Statistical analysis was performed with a Student t- test and a Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05 for significance).

Results

The mean isoflurane concentration during baseline (premedication) was 1.8 ± 0.8 ppm and 2.3 ± 0.6 ppm in group S and NS respectively. This increased during mask induction to 2.0 ± 0.8 ppm and 11.2 ± 6.0 ppm respectively (p < 0.01). The maximum isoflurane concentration ranged from 0.7 ppm to 2.8 ppm and from from 8.3 ppm to 43.7 ppm in group S and NS respectively.

Conclusion

This double mask can be used to induce inhalation anesthesia in dogs. Scavenging from the mask significantly decreases the amount of waste anaesthetic gas concentrations in the breathing zone of the anesthetist. Therefore, such a system can be recommended whenever induction or maintenance of general anesthesia by mask is considered.     

The intra‐ and intertester repeatability of radiographic elbow incongruity grading is high in chondrodystrophic dog breeds

Elbow incongruity is a form of elbow dysplasia that causes osteoarthritis, pain, and lameness, and it is common in chondrodystrophic dog breeds. The objective of this retrospective secondary analysis study was to evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver repeatability of a novel radiographic incongruity grading system for assessing elbow incongruity in three chondrodystrophic dog breeds—the dachshund, Skye Terrier, and Glen of Imaal Terrier. We conducted an observer agreement study that included 220 mediolateral antebrachial radiographs from 110 dogs with the elbow in 90° flexion. The radiographs were independently assessed by three observers at three time points, using a four‐stepped grading scale. The proportion of agreement and Kappa coefficient were calculated. Both the intra‐ and interobserver proportions of agreement were substantial when three grades were required to be identical (.705‐.777 and .609, respectively), and almost perfect for two identical grades (.991‐1.000 and .991, respectively). Some differences in repeatability between breeds were noted; specifically, the intraobserver repeatability was higher in the dachshund, and the interobserver repeatability was lower in the Glen of Imaal Terrier. Our study showed that the radiographic imaging protocol and incongruity grading system have high repeatability when assessing elbow incongruity in chondrodystrophic dog breeds.     

几种生长延缓剂对微型盆栽牡丹促成栽培的影响

以牡丹品种‘冠群芳’为试材,分别在促成栽培的萌动期、小风铃期、撒飘期采用多效唑（PP333）、丁酰肼（B9）、正丁醇和TIBA等4种植物生长延缓剂进行处理,研究其对牡丹生长及开花的影响。结果表明：3个时期比较,小风铃期施用生长延缓剂矮化效果优于混合芽萌动期,而撒飘期施用则易发生药害。4种延缓剂相比,正丁醇效果比PP333和B9好,尤其是25mg/kg正丁醇处理,花期提前2d,成花率高达100%,成花质量最好,花径达17.2cm,新枝、叶、叶柄的生长也受到明显抑制;施用TIBA对植株影响显著,但易发生药害。     

日本的抗松材线虫育种研究

经历20世纪六七十年代松树大面积枯死威胁之后,日本在不断探索对该病的防治方法的同时,寄希望于培育抗松材线虫的松树苗木。始于1973年的抗松材线虫育种,从松树造林材料的遗传改良、国内外松树对松材线虫的抗性、抗性检测方法以及抗性育种的可行性等方面进行了大量的研究。文中从抗松材线虫育种的历史背景、抗性判定方法、树种变异、选择育种、杂交育种等方面叙述了日本抗松材线虫育种的情况。     

补充营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响

茶银尺蠖[Scopula subpunctaria (Herrich-Schaeffer)]是危害茶树的常见害虫之一。为了更好地在实验室内饲养此害虫,获得大量供试虫源,研究了补充不同营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。结果表明,成虫补充10%蜂蜜水和10%糖水时,雌成虫平均单雌产卵量显著提高,分别为(152.5±16.83)粒和(177.5±19.01)粒;产卵期显著延长,分别为(17.8±1.08) d和(21.4±1.27) d。补充不同营养对雌成虫产卵期和产卵后期有显著影响,但对产卵前期影响不显著。补充10%糖水时,雌成虫的寿命最长,为(29.1±1.41) d,显著高于其他处理;而在10%蜂蜜水、水和对照处理下,雌成虫寿命分别为(23.8±1.15)、(14.4±0.48)、(6.3±0.37) d。补充10%糖水和10%蜂蜜水时,雄成虫的寿命分别为(21.3±0.93) d和(19.5±1.20) d,显著高于水和空白对照处理。在每个处理下,雌成虫的寿命均高于雄成虫。综上所述,10%糖水可作为成虫补充营养的最佳选择。     

低温和寡照单因素胁迫对温室黄瓜叶片光合、器官干物质分配及果实品质的影响

以黄瓜品种"南杂系列二号"(‘Nan ZaⅡ’)为试材,2017年4—5月在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站利用人工气候箱分别对黄瓜进行低温和寡照单因素胁迫处理,持续1、3、5、7d。日最低气温设置为4.0℃;寡照设置光合有效辐射为250μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);以昼/夜温度分别为25℃/18℃,光合有效辐射800μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)为对照(CK);研究了不同低温和寡照单因素胁迫对黄瓜叶片光合、器官干物质分配以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:短期低温处理后,黄瓜叶片的光合参数变化并不显著,低温处理5d和7d的最大光合速率显著降低,分别较CK下降33.8%、41.4%;随着低温时间的持续,果实干物质分配比值降低,根、茎、叶分到了较多的光合产物;黄瓜单果质量、果长、最大果径、最小果径随处理时间呈下降趋势;果实含水率和维生素C含量随低温处理的延长呈下降趋势,可溶性蛋白质含量先增加后减少,可溶性糖含量先减少后增加。寡照胁迫后,黄瓜叶片的各项光合参数显著降低,处理7d的最大光合速率较CK下降84.4%;果实干物质分配比值显著降低,处理1、3、5、7d果实干物质比值分别较CK降低21.2%、21.8%、26.5%和18.3%;果实外在品质发生显著变化,单果质量、果长、最大果径、最小果径显著降低,寡照处理7d的畸形果比例为100%;含水率和维生素C含量随处理时间的延长显著降低,处理7d较CK分别下降了20.6%、52.3%,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量有增加的趋势,但变化幅度不显著。该研究结果可为设施黄瓜栽培温光调控提供科学依据。