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61.
Oscar Goñi María T. Sanchez-Ballesta Carmen Merodio María I. Escribano 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(3):169-173
In order to obtain a better understanding of the active defense strategy of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) fruit, hydrolytic and antifungal activity, as well as expression of proteins functionally and immunogenically related to the pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase (PR-Q) and 1,3-β-glucanase (PR-2), were estimated in fruit at different ripening stages. Increase in expression of the 27 kDa constitutive chitinase and the induction of two new proteins, a 26 kDa chitinase and a 51 kDa 1,3-β-glucanase were associated with enhanced in vitro hydrolytic and antifungal activity of the acidic protein extract in ripe fruit. Ripening modified the expression of constitutive basic isoenzymes, with a sharp decrease in both relative accumulation and hydrolytic activity. Likewise, a new basic 33 kDa chitinase was induced in the over-ripe fruit, concomitant with accumulation of a basic constitutive 76 kDa 1,3-β-glucanase. At this stage, the basic protein extract modified in vitro growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea. Short-term high CO2 treatment delayed fruit ripening and maintained a similar distribution of activity and isoenzymatic pattern in both protein fractions to that in unripe fruit. These results indicate that the changes in the pattern of defense proteins and hydrolytic activity in cherimoyas appear to be associated with ripening. Moreover, unlike the constitutively expressed isoenzymes, only the transitorily induced chitinases and 1,3-β-glucanases were associated with an active defense-related response. 相似文献
62.
The present work evaluated the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) obtained from Lippia origanoides and their DNA protective effect against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. L. origanoides EO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The major compounds of the L. origanoides EOs were thymol (34–58%) and carvacrol (26%). The antigenotoxic effects of the EOs, major compounds and standard compound (epigallocatechin gallate) were assayed in co-incubation procedures using the SOS chromotest in Escherichia coli. Both EOs and their major compounds protected bacterial cells against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity indicating that these two compounds were principally responsible for the antigenotoxicity detected in the oils. Thymol and carvacrol antigenotoxicity was lower than those observed with epigallocatechin gallate. The results were discussed in relation to the chemopreventive potential of L. origanoides EOs and their major components, carvacrol and thymol. 相似文献
63.
Oscar González‐Davis Elizabeth Ponce‐Rivas M. Del Pilar Sánchez‐Saavedra María‐Enriqueta Muñoz‐Márquez William H. Gerwick 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(3):387-399
Vibrio spp. are the most common and harmful shrimp pathogenic bacteria; however, microalgae and cyanobacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial substances against these species. In this study, the organic and aqueous extracts of 28 species of marine microalgae and cyanobacteria were screened against Vibrio campbellii M1. Two of these phytoplankton species with antibacterial activity in aqueous extracts (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Skeletonema costatum) and nontoxic to brine shrimp Artemia franciscana nauplii were used to evaluate their anti‐Vibrio effect when used as green‐water cultures in Vibrio‐challenged white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultures. No differences in mortality of juvenile L. vannamei were observed between treatments tested, suggesting that the pathogenicity of V. campbellii could be related to the growth stage of shrimp. The proximal composition of D. tertiolecta and S. costatum was in the recommended range for penaeid shrimp nutrition, allowing shrimp supplemented with these microalgae to have significantly greater total length and weight than control shrimp. Shrimp supplemented with S. costatum presented the highest values of organic mass (11.48 mg/organism) and growth rate (0.31 mg/d) in comparison to D. tertiolecta. These results indicate that microalgae are not only capable of producing antibacterial compounds against Vibrio but can also help shrimp nutrition. 相似文献
64.
随着西部大开发的深入,贵州、广西等山岭地区的道路桥梁等交通建设进入了快速发展时期,而鉴于上述地区山高沟深的特点,高墩大跨连续刚构桥被广泛应用,本文结合工程实例对连续刚构桥的设计理论进行了探讨。 相似文献
65.
Yongju Zhao Jiahua Zhang Hong Wei Xinming Sun Biao Mu Mingju Yu Lingbing Wang 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1257-1262
Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1,
a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal
sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further
injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does
in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented
that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and
economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which
was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that
of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the
kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively. 相似文献
66.
A series of asymmetrical thio-bis-N-methylcarbamate derivatives were synthesised by combining 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate with different N-methylcarbamates. Some of these derivatives combined good insecticidal activity against the housefly with reduced acute oral toxicity to mice. The thio-bis-N-methylcarbamates obtained exhibited a lower anti-cholinesterase activity than the more toxic of the two carbamate moieties contained in each combination. The weak synergism of piperonyl butoxide on the insecticidal activity of the derivatives suggests the possibility of a self synergism phenomenon caused by the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl group. 相似文献
67.
Romualdo Muoz Antonio Martínez-Martínez Alfonso Ros-Barcel M. Angeles Pedreo 《Pest management science》1990,30(2):235-241
4-Amino-6-methyl-3-phenylamino-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one alters the integrity of chloroplasts in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. Hassan) leaves as judged by their sedimentation profiles in linear gradients of sucrose. This effect may be related to the inhibition caused by 4-amino-6-methyl-3-phenylamino-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one of both ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and could thus be explained by an accumulation of toxic reduced-oxygen species in illuminated chloroplasts. 相似文献
68.
北京杨人工林及其环境系统水分运动,交换和贮存的生理生态学模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从土壤(S)-植物(P)-大气(A)连续系统的观点出发,在处理1986和1988两年实测数据,确定一批参数和函数关系并建立逻辑结构图的基础上,编制程序用微机对北京杨SPAC系统的水分吸收、贮存、水势和蒸腾等生理生态学指标和土壤含水量的短期(10天)变化做了逐时和逐日预测。结果表明,通过微机实现的短期预测结果能较好地反映实际,各项相对误差一般在8%以下,个别最大的也不超过15%。本模型除理论意义外,还可用于预测苗圃地10天内土壤水分的变化,有助于指导灌溉实践。 相似文献
69.
根据新疆同一地貌区域形态成因,水热及农业发展方向和改造利用条件的相似性或不同地貌区间的差异性原则,建立起构造、新构造运动、外力作用,地貌形态等农业区划樗,以及农业地貌各级区域标志。 相似文献
70.