Clinicopathologic, renal immunofluorescent, and light microscopic features of glomerulonephritis in the dog: 41 cases (1975-1985)

In a 10-year retrospective study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic features and renal immunofluorescence patterns of glomerulonephritis in 41 dogs. On the basis of results of histologic examinations, the dogs were segregated into 3 groups, including membranous (n = 12), mesangioproliferative (n = 15), or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 14). No significant differences existed among groups in regard to age or duration of illness. Most dogs had been ill for one month or longer. The proportion of dogs with azotemia, anemia, and hyperphosphatemia were not different among the disease groups. Proportion of dogs with hypoalbuminemia and the severity of hypoalbuminemia were not different among groups. Highest urine protein losses and 24-hour urine protein/creatinine ratios developed in dogs with membranous glomerulonephritis. Although hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia were common (49%), the formation of edema or ascites was not (15%) and, therefore, few dogs had all of the classic features of the nephrotic syndrome. Few dogs suffered thromboembolic complications. Antinuclear antibody titers developed in 11 dogs, the highest titers developing in dogs with polyarthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis detected alpha 2 and beta 1 globulin spikes in most dogs (87%). Results of renal immunofluorescence testing were positive in 36 dogs, using polyvalent antisera for immunoglobulins (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, and/or antisera for complement factor C3. When monovalent antisera for IgG, IgA, and IgM, and fibrinogen were used, immunofluorescence was not observed as often. The major fluorescent pattern was discrete multifocal segmental granular glomerular fluorescence, consistent with immune-complex deposition. Two dogs had linear glomerular staining patterns; however, antibodies directed against normal glomerular basement membrane were not found via elution studies. A high prevalence of glucocorticoid excess (treatment with glucocorticoids and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism) (34%), chronic inflammatory skin disease (27%), neoplasia (17%), polyarthritis (12%), and systemic lupus erythematosis (7%) were observed as clinical problems concurrent with glomerulonephritis. In 5 dogs, treatment of glomerulonephritis with prednisolone (0.5 to 1.1 mg/kg) did not result in beneficial effects and in fact appeared to be detrimental, leading to azotemia and worsening proteinuria and physical condition in some of the dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Association of Helicobacter with cholangiohepatitis in cats

Infection with Helicobacter spp. is increasingly linked with hepatobiliary inflammation and neoplasia in people and in a variety of animals. We sought to determine if Helicobacter species infection is associated with cholangiohepatitis in cats. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from tissue blocks from cats with cholangiohepatitis (32), noninflammatory liver disease (13), and cats with normal liver histology (4). Deoxyribonucleic acid was polymerase chain reaction-amplified with 2 sets of Helicobacter genus-specific primers, gel purified, and sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction-positive hepatic tissue was further examined with Steiner's stain, immunocytochemistry for Helicobacter species, and eubacterial fluorescent in situ hybridization. Gastric tissues of cats with known Helicobacter infection status served as controls for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and sequence comparison. Helicobacter species were detected in 2/32 cats with cholangiohepatitis, and 1/17 controls. Sequences had 100% identity with Helicobacter species liver, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter fenelliae/cinaedii in a cat with suppurative cholangitis, Helicobacter species liver, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter nemistrineae in a cat with mild lymphocytic portal hepatitis, and Helicobacter bilis in a cat with portosystemic vascular anomaly. In contrast, sequences from gastric biopsies showed highest homology (99-100%) to "Helicobacter heilmannii," Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter salomonis. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed a semicurved bacterium, with Helicobacter-like morphology, in an intrahepatic bile duct of the cat with suppurative cholangitis. This study has identified Helicobacter deoxyribonucleic acid in 2/32 cats with cholangiohepatitis and 1/13 cats with noninflammatory liver disease. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequences of hepatic Helicobacter species were distinct from those found in the stomach and are broadly consistent with those identified in cat intestine and bile, and hepatobiliary disease in people and rodents.     

Vacuolar hepatopathy in dogs: 336 cases (1993-2005)

OBJECTIVE: To determine disorders associated with vacuolar hepatopathy (VH), morphologic hepatic and clinicopathologic abnormalities, and affiliation with steroidogenic hormone excess in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. Animals-336 dogs with histologically confirmed moderate or severe VH. PROCEDURES: Information on signalment, results of diagnostic testing, definitive diagnoses, and exposure to glucocorticoids (ie, exogenous glucocorticoid administration or high endogenous concentrations of steroidogenic hormones) was obtained from medical records. Dogs were grouped by underlying disorder, glucocorticoid exposure, acinar zonal distribution of lesions, and histologic severity. RESULTS: 12 disease groups (neoplastic, acquired hepatobiliary, neurologic, immune-mediated, gastrointestinal tract, renal, infectious, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, portosystemic vascular anomaly, adrenal gland dysfunction, and miscellaneous disorders) were identified. There were 186 (55%) dogs with and 150 (45%) dogs without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. Acinar zonal distribution of hepatic vacuolation and clinicopathologic values did not differ between dogs with and without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. However, a 3-fold increased likelihood of severe VH was associated with steroidogenic hormone exposure. Of 226 dogs with high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, 102 (45%) had no evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that neoplasia and congenital or acquired hepatobiliary disease are common in dogs with VH and provide support for the suggestion that VH, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and illness-invoked physiologic stress may be associated. Histologic confirmation of VH should initiate a diagnostic search for a primary disease if glucocorticoid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism are ruled out.     

浅议农药危险性的管理

本文讨论了农药的危险性管理随着管理制度不同而不同．且取决于其暴露途径和机会,建议不要重复管理,尽快与国际接轨,完善我国相关技术标准,提高测试水平。     

液相色谱法测定蔬菜中咯菌腈、溴虫腈和虱螨脲等农药的残留量

建立了同时测定蔬菜（青菜、菜豆、卷心菜、番茄）中咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈等农药残留的高效液相色谱法。蔬菜以乙腈高速匀浆提取,过NH2小柱净化,再用甲醇定容。而土壤样品较干净,经乙腈振荡提取1h,浓缩后定容过膜即可。采用甲醇-水为流动相,利用C18柱和紫外检测器（检测波长：260nm）对待测组分进行了分离和测定。实验证明,添加浓度在0.1、0.5、1mg/kg时,蔬菜中咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈平均添加回收率在78.2～117.3%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）〈10%,咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈在样品中的最低检出浓度为0.1mg/kg,最小检出量为：1ng。     

鹅膏菌产抑菌物质培养条件优化及安全性分析

经前期试验验证鹅膏菌菌株AV对杨树烂皮病病原菌金黄壳囊孢菌有抑制作用,通过比色法和生物量测定结果得出其抑菌物质产生的最佳营养条件。在供试营养物质中,乳糖为最佳碳源,蛋白胨为最佳氮源,方差分析结果表明,碳源是鹅膏菌AV生物量及其抑菌物质产生的最主要影响因素,与其他营养元素差异显著(α=0.05)。培养基最佳组合为:①乳糖30.0 g/L,蛋白胨0.5 g/L,MgSO41.5 g/L,KH2PO44.5 g/L;②乳糖10.00 g/L,蛋白胨0.50g/L,MgSO40.75 g/L,KH2PO44.50 g/L;③乳糖30.0 g/L,蛋白胨2.0 g/L,MgSO41.50 g/L,KH2PO43.0 g/L。液体发酵培养时,菌株AV产生抑菌活性物质的最适培养条件为:pH值5～6,温度25℃,接种量1.25%,装液量50%,摇床转数180 r/min,培养时间20 d。当温度超过75℃,pH大于9或小于4时,或者紫外照射时间超过4 h都会使抑菌物质活性降低。小鼠毒性试验结果表明,小鼠饲喂菌株AV菌丝体,LD50为418.70 mg/kg,95%可信限为453.11～386.90 mg/kg,抑菌物质控制在2 g/L以内对小鼠无影响,因此,在进行病原菌防治时,为减少对环境中其他生物的影响,菌株AV抑菌物质质量浓度应低于2 g/L。     

异色瓢虫成虫对榆紫叶甲卵的捕食作用

为探明异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis Pall.)成虫对榆紫叶甲(Ambrostoma quadriimopressum Motschulsky)卵的控制效能,开展了异色瓢虫成虫对榆紫叶甲卵的捕食功能反应与寻找效应研究。结果表明:在供试温度下,异色瓢虫捕食功能反应符合Holling II型方程,χ2适合性检验表明圆盘方程的预测值与实测值相符;在相同温度下,异色瓢虫成虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而增大;搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低;在供试温度范围内,随温度的升高,异色瓢虫成虫对榆紫叶甲卵的捕食量增加;在相同猎物密度条件下,随异色瓢虫成虫密度的增大,其平均捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用率也相应降低,捕食作用率(E)与异色瓢虫成虫密度(P)的关系为E=23.648 6P-0.220 9。     

连云港沙质海岸防护林地的土壤特性

测定了连云港沙质海岸刺槐纯林、杨树纯林、刺槐×杨树混交林、美国白蜡×桑混交林、苦楝×桑混交林5种模式防护林林地土壤理化性质,以附近未造林的草地为对照,分析了各林地的土壤理化性质,对5种模式防护林地的土壤理化特性进行聚类分类。结果表明:防护林能减少土壤密度,增大孔隙,改善土壤颗粒组成,增加土壤有机质和速效养分,降低pH值;不同林龄和树种改土能力不同;表层(0刺槐×杨树混交林>杨树纯林>新造林和对照地。     

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<正>与无锡文明史结缘最早的植物,是梅;与无锡太湖山水结缘且最早蔚然大观的植物,是梅;在无锡近代史上,由我国民族工业先驱荣氏兴建的第一座太湖近代园林,其所使用的主题植物材料,仍然是梅。公元前12世纪,崛起在今陕西岐山、渭水一代的周部落,出了一位据称能使该部落走向光辉顶点但当时还是婴儿的姬昌。这样姬昌的伯父泰伯、仲庸为了避免王位的纷争,便南奔荆蛮,在一个叫作"梅里"的地方,建立了人口仅千余家的小方国,名"勾吴"。姬昌,就是后来的周文王;勾吴,则是此后强大的春秋吴国的