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Bo?ena Bukowska Katarzyna GoszczyńskaWirgiliusz Duda 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,77(3):92-98
The effects of exposure of human erythrocytes to different concentrations of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and its metabolite—2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-DMP) were studied. The investigations concerned mainly the content of glutathione (GSH and GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST), and the level of adenine energy charge (AEC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide are produced during normal processes in the cell. Under normal conditions, antioxidant systems of the cell minimize damage caused by ROS. When ROS generation increases to an extent that it overcomes the cellular antioxidant systems, the result is oxidative stress. We observed that MCPA and 2,4-DMP decreased the level of GSH in erythrocytes in comparison with control. MCPA did not affect glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activity, while 2,4-DMP increased their activity. 2,4-DMP decreased the level of ATP and increased the content of ADP and AMP, leading to the fall of the level of AEC. MCPA and 2,4-DMP transform hemoglobin into methemoglobin, thus preventing oxygen transport. Comparison of the toxicity of MCPA and 2,4-DMP revealed that the most prominent changes occurred in human erythrocytes incubated with 2,4-DMP. 相似文献
75.
温湿度调控对番茄灰霉病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
番茄灰霉病菌在致病过程中能够产生4种细胞壁降解酶,以PMG酶活性最高,其次是β-葡萄糖苷酶和PG酶,Cx最少。灰霉病菌在不同温度下侵染番茄叶片时产生的致病酶活性不同,4种酶在20℃时表现了最高的活性,15℃次之,当温度达到25℃时,各种酶的活性都急剧下降,随着温度的再升高,酶活更低。随着湿度的增高,病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性也增加,当相对湿度达到90%以上时,4种酶的活性也达到最高。温湿度对番茄灰霉病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的影响趋势,与其对发病的影响趋势是一致的。 相似文献
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晋西昕水河流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局动态分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
包晓斌 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(4):22-27
本文以晋西昕水河流域为典型实例,概述了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设背景。依据流域内各类型区在不同时段的土地利用结构和生态经济特征,进行流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局变化分析,表明了流域内景观多样性和异质性不断增加的发展趋势,以及确定各区主要发展方向,实行综合开发与治理的必要性,并提出了相应的流域生态经济型防护林体系动态调控途径。 相似文献
78.
徐州地区烟粉虱发生规律及治理措施初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过近2a观察表明,徐州地区烟粉虱在田间消长大致分4个阶段,成虫有4个主要迁移期;其喜干热、耐高湿的生活习性、冬季保护地栽培面积的扩大、外来虫源的传入及防治不力是烟粉虱种群数量累积并引起暴发的主要原因;主要寄主有9科20余种栽培作物;寄主植株上虫量垂直分布:棉花上部>中部>下部,温室蔬菜一般中、下部>上部。可采取严格检疫、清洁田园、轮作换茬、黄板诱杀、覆盖防虫网、保护和利用天敌、药剂防治等措施进行治理。 相似文献
79.
Viveca B?verud 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2004,20(3):615-630
C difficile has emerged as an important cause of diarrheic disease in horses. C difficile diarrhea is usually diagnosed in mature horses, mostly when they are treated with antimicrobials and hospitalized. It is important for clinicians at veterinary hospitals to have knowledge about the organism and the infection. To prevent C difficile diarrhea, judicious use of antimicrobials is important, as is minimizing different stress factors at the animal hospital or clinic. Infected horses must be isolated. Routine examination for C difficile and toxin A or B is recommended in horses with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. When treating foals for R equi pneumonia, it is important to avoid accidental ingestion of erythromycin by the dams. To reduce the number of environmental spores, thorough cleaning and surface disinfection of the animal hospital and clinic are important. Routine handwashing should be performed by all staff. 相似文献
80.
Georgea Bignardi Jarretta Pedro Primo Bombonato Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz Guimar?es 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(3):356-360
Ultrasonography is currently used in veterinary medicine to examine the anatomy and physiology of internal organs and to establish normal standards for exotic animal species. Specifically, the kidneys may be evaluated and measured in length, width, and height. The kidneys in 33 oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), including 20 males and 13 females, were opportunistically located, characterized, and measured by ultrasound using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer at two different zoologic facilities in S?o Paulo, Brazil. Renal volume was calculated from these linear measurements. The mean linear measurements and volume of the right and left kidneys were not significantly different. 相似文献