Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

花生壳黄酮的提取纯化工艺

本文采用酶法预处理结合超声波辅助提取的方式，最大程度地提高了花生壳总黄酮的得率，并优化大孔树脂纯化工艺，提高了有效成分的纯度。花生壳黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：花生壳粉与水混合，半纤维素酶与木聚糖酶按1:1（m/m）复配，用量0.25‰，50℃酶解30 min后，按料液比1:20（m/V）加入乙醇至终浓度60%，于功率1000 W，55℃超声波辅助提取60 min，花生壳总黄酮的得率约为2.5%。选用D101型大孔树脂，上样缓冲液为pH 5.0的60%乙醇溶液，洗脱液为pH 10.0的70% 乙醇溶液，上样与洗脱流速为0.75 BV/h和1.5 BV/h。纯化后的花生壳总黄酮和木犀草素的纯度分别为10.54%和5.85%，提高了90%和120%。     

Tanshinone ⅡA induces apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells

AIM: To explore the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on human osteosarcoma HOS cells and the underlying mechanism.METHODS: The cell viability and the appropriate dose of tanshinone ⅡA were determined by CCK-8 assay. Colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to investigate the proliferation and migration abilities of the HOS cells treated with tanshinone ⅡA. The apoptosis of the HOS cells was monitored by Hoechst 33258 staining, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis-related molecules and JNK signaling-associated proteins were determined by Western blot. Meanwhile, a JNK inhibitor was added for confirming the relationship between the pathway and apoptosis mentioned above.RESULTS: Tanshinone ⅡA inhibited both HOS cell proliferation and migration in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Exposure of the HOS cells to tanshinone ⅡA resulted in the activation of apoptosis. Tanshinone ⅡA treatment increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and JNK signaling-associated proteins, and decreased the protein level of Bcl-2, which were reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, the result of CCK-8 assay revealed that tanshinone ⅡA-induced cell death was alleviated by JNK inhibitor.CONCLUSION: Tanshinone ⅡA induces cell growth inhibition and the activation of apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells.     

郁金香新品种‘黄玉’

‘黄玉’是从郁金香‘Golden Apeldoorn’的芽变中选育的新品种。株高37 cm，花单生于茎顶，鲜黄色，外轮花瓣外侧黄绿色。生育期75 d，盛花期13 d，花朵品质高，抗寒能力强，是优良的盆栽和园林绿化品种。     

体外产气法评价全株藜麦与全株玉米混合青贮饲料饲用价值

为提高全株藜麦的饲料化利用率，寻找其与全株玉米的最佳青贮比，试验共设全株藜麦与全株玉米比为100：0，90：10，80：20等11个组合进行青贮发酵，发酵60 d后测定各组青贮料的体外产气发酵指标，使用灰色关联度分析筛选出最佳青贮比例。结果表明，体外发酵至36 h时，各处理组GP趋于稳定，体外发酵减弱接近停止；全株藜麦与全株玉米比例为90：10时，该青贮饲料组合的粗蛋白（CP）和粗脂肪（EE）含量显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），乙酸（AA）、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量以及氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度显著高于其他各处理（P<0.05）。分析表明，全株藜麦与全株玉米比例为90：10时，混合青贮饲料的营养品质和产气发酵特性综合表现最好，可作为优质混合青贮饲料在家畜养殖中推广使用。     

花生硬脂酰-ACP酸脱饱和基因FAB2表达的分子机制

FAB2位于油酸合成通路的上游,编码硬脂酰-ACP脱饱和酶,调控硬脂酸(C18:0)向油酸(C18:1)转化。本研究发现高油酸品种开农176种子发育前期FAB2的表达量升高,而成熟期油酸过量积累会抑制FAB2的表达。利用开农176与开农70构建F2杂交群体,发现当植株油酸含量超过60%时会从整体水平上抑制FAB2的表达。种子发育前期,油酸不断积累会导致过氧化物酶活性升高,并且活性氧含量随之增加;但是在种子发育后期均降低,该结果与FAB2的表达量变化趋势相同。亚细胞定位结果表明, FAB2与FAD2分别定位于叶绿体与内质网。FAB2编码区序列多态性分析显示,该蛋白序列氮端的氨基酸结构缺失可能会导致硬脂酸含量升高。FAB2启动子序列存在大量AT碱基的富集区域,并且含有光响应、激素调控、转录因子结合的保守顺式元件。本研究发现过量积累的油酸会激活过氧化物酶介导的活性氧信号途径,进而通过细胞核内的未知转录因子调节上游基因FAB2的表达量,该结果不仅拓展了对FAB2的功能认知,也为培育高油酸花生品种提供了相关的理论指导。     

辣椒新品种‘秦椒1号’

‘秦椒1号’辣椒是以自交系‘R9816-2-1-3’为母本,‘Z97-2-7-42’为父本杂交育成的一代杂种。果实长灯笼形,表面微皱,果长17.1 cm,果肩宽4.7 cm,果肉厚3.1 mm,单果质量73.5 g,商品性好,品质佳,平均产量45 062.6 kg·hm~(-2)。高抗病毒病、青枯病和疫病。