复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清抗氧化指标及内源消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在评价复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清抗氧化指标和内源消化酶活性的影响。选用84头初始体重为(7.22±0.22)kg的28日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,按完全随机区组设计分为2个组,每组7个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组仔猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,复合酶组仔猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg复合酶制剂(包含4 000 U/g纤维素酶、1 500 U/gα-淀粉酶、150 U/gβ-葡聚糖酶和3 000 U/g中性蛋白酶)的试验饲粮。饲养期为35 d,分为前期(1~14 d)和后期(15~35 d)2个阶段。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著降低断奶仔猪全期的料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),并有降低前期(P=0.09)及后期F/G(P=0.05)的趋势;复合酶组断奶仔猪前期及后期的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),前期有机物(OM)(P=0.07)、粗蛋白质(CP)(P=0.09)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P=0.08)以及后期CP(P=0.07)和GE的表观消化率(P=0.09)有提高的趋势。与对照组相比,在试验第14天,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著或极显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),趋于增加血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P=0.06);在试验第35天,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著提高血清GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),对血清其余抗氧化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著增强了空肠和回肠黏膜蔗糖酶以及回肠黏膜乳糖酶和胰脏胰脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),趋于增加空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶活性(P=0.07)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg复合酶制剂能通过提高营养物质的消化率和内源消化酶活性以及增强血清抗氧化能力来改善断奶仔猪机体健康水平和生长性能。     

Analysis of the Immune Efficacy of Attenuated Live Vaccine in the Pig Herds Previously Infected with Wild-type Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To evaluate the immune efficacy of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) attenuated live vaccine,this study selected 4 litters from two small pig farms (two litters each farm) and vaccinated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) attenuated live vaccine.Sera were collected on different days post vaccination (dpv) to detect PRRSV nucleic acid by RT-PCR,and PRRSV antibody using two different ELISA Kits,i.e.N-ELISA and G-ELISA.The results showed that PRRSV nucleic acid were positive on 0 dpv until 30 dpv in piglets and also positive on 0 dpv in the corresponding sows.All piglets were negative for PRRSV antibody on 0 dpv,but were positive on 30 dpv until 150 dpv.The positive rates detected by N-ELISA Kit were higher than those of G-ELISA Kit on 30 and 60 dpv,but lower than those of G-ELISA Kit on 120 and 150 dpv.A total of 216 sera were detected respectively by two ELISA Kits and the coincidence rate of the results was 95.83%.The P value of χ² test was more than 0.05,showing there was no significant difference between the results of two Kits.The Kappa value was 0.87,showing there was strong consistence between them.The correlation coefficient was 0.605,showing there was significantly linear correlation between them.The results indicated that the wild-type PRRSV in the previously infected pig herds could be eliminated by vaccination with attenuated live vaccine and both N-ELISA and G-ELISA Kits could be used to estimate the immune efficacy of the attenuated live vaccine effectively.     

Protective Effects of Proanthocyanidins on the Liver and Kidney Oxidative Damage Induced by Zearalenone in Mice

The experiment was conducted to study whether the proanthocyanidin (PC) had the protective effects on the liver and kidney oxidative damage induced by zearalenone in mice.40 8 to 9 week-old healthy clean grade Kunming mice with the 45 g body weight were chosen and randomly divided into four groups: control group was given normal saline,PC group was given 100 mg/kg PC,ZEA group was given 40 mg/kg ZEA and PC＋ZEA group was fed 100 mg/kg PC＋40 mg/kg ZEA.Liver and blood sampls were taken after cervical vertebra to death.AST、ALT、MDA、SOD were measured to determine the degree of liver damage and antioxidant capacity,and UA and BUN were used to determine the kidney damage.The results showed that: Compared with the control group,the indexes of PC group were not significant changed (P>0.05),indicating that there was no obvious oxidative damage in the liver and kidney.Compared with control group,ALT,MDA and AST content were significantly or extremely significant increased in ZEA group (P<0.05;P<0.01),SOD content was extremely significant decreased (P<0.01),UA and BUN were extremely significant increased in serum (P<0.01),indicating that the liver and kidney of ZEA group had a serious oxidative damage.The indexes of the PC＋ZEA group (except SOD)were significantly or extremely significant lower than ZEA group (P<0.05;P<0.01),indicating that the oxidative damage of the liver and kidney in PC＋ZEA group was lower than that in the ZEA group.In conclusion,the liver and kidney oxidative damage of mice induced by ZEA was eased to some extent by PC.     

Development and Application of Sandwich ELISA for Diagnosis of Fascioliasis gigantica in Early Stage

To establish a method for the diagnosis of Fascioliasis gigantica in early stage, five hybridoma cell lines were recovered and used for preparation of monoclonal antibodies.7D2 was used as a capture antibody and 7D1 as detection antibody.Coating antibody dilution was 1:6 400 (0.208 μg/mL), 5% nonfat milk was used as blocking solution and detection antibody dilution was 1:10 000 (0.200 μg/mL).The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA was 1:3 200 (0.156 μg/mL), with good specificity and stability, and there was no cross reaction with other kinds of parasite antigen.The results showed that the method provided the important conditions and theoretical basis for the diagnosis of Fascioliasis gigantica in early stage. This would save unnecessary economic losses to the livestock, and it had clinical application value.     

传染性喉气管炎病毒WG株Us区基因结构分析

根据GenBank中的传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)全序列(NCBT登录号:NC-006623).利用Oligo6.2分析序列并设计6对引物,以ILTV WG株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增了长度为13.1 kb的区域,得到了完整的WG株的Us区序列,初步鉴定了WG株的Us区基因结构.将WG株的Us区序列分别与ILTV USDA株、BHV-1、CeHV-1、EHV-1、HSV-1、HSV-2、MDV、PrV、HvT、VZV相比较,ILTV WG株与USDA株同源性为99.2%,而与其他疱疹病毒之间的同源性较低,而且Us区大小也不一致;与已发表的ILTV USDA株Us区基因序列分别比较后发现,两者之间差异较大的基因分别为gJ基因和gD基因.其中,gJ基因在第1983个碱基处比USDA株多出30 bp,DNAStar预测这30 bp可能形成一个独立的抗原表位;gD基因的长度在不同的ILTV毒株之间差别较大,与其他疱疹病毒具有相似的结构特征.     

湖南省部分规模猪场保育仔猪细菌感染调查及药敏检测分析

为调查规模猪场保育仔猪的细菌感染情况,文章对湖南常德、怀化、郴州等地10个规模猪场80头病、死仔猪进行细菌分离和药敏试验。结果显示:共在70头仔猪病料中分离到细菌,分离率为87.5%(70/80),其中大肠杆菌、猪链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、巴氏杆菌感染分别占52.5%(42/80)、48.8%(39/80)、30.0%(24/80)、15.0%(12/80),两种或两种以上细菌混合感染39头,占48.8%(39/80)。通过对分离菌株进行药敏试验,猪链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、巴氏杆菌对头孢曲松、多西环素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星较为敏感,而大肠杆菌则耐药严重,部分菌株对常用药物均耐药。可见规模猪场保育仔猪细菌混合感染情况较多,且耐药性严重的大肠杆菌为常见耐药菌之一。猪场应针对具体细菌感染情况采取针对性的用药方案,方可达到用药目的。该调查为湖南规模猪场保育仔猪细菌性疾病防控及指导用药提供了参考。     

柑橘溃疡病致病基因PthA核定位信号肽抗血清制备及其抑菌的研究

 用PCR法扩增位于柑橘溃疡病菌致病基因pthA C-末端的3个核定位信号序列,并将其克隆到原核表达载体PET32a(+)上,经双酶切及核酸序列测定重组质粒(PthA-NLS),其序列与GenBank中pthA的相关序列有99.9%的同一性。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导了重组多肽的表达,并用Ni2+-NTA纯化柱得到了48kD的纯化重组多肽。把重组多肽注入免疫Balb/c小白鼠,制备了相应的抗血清,Western Blotting和ELISA分析结果表明,抗血清可特异地结合重组多肽,亦可识别溃疡病菌PthA天然蛋白,获得的抗血清可以用于柑橘溃疡病的检测。利用抗血清与溃疡病菌混合接种离体冰糖橙叶片,发现抗血清能推迟溃疡病菌的致病过程,且病斑比对照小,但未能达到抗病的程度。pthA基因末端核定位信号序列的克隆、原核表达及抗血清的制备为进一步研究pthA的致病机理和研发溃疡病快速分子检测技术奠定了基础。     

新铁炮百合花芽分化过程的形态学观察

 以新铁炮百合‘雷山’（Lilium formolongi‘Raizan’）为试材,利用石蜡切片和扫描电子显微技术,对百合花芽分化的过程进行了形态学观察。结果表明：‘雷山’低温贮藏期间鳞茎内顶端生长点尚未开始花芽分化,栽植后20～30d花芽分化开始进行,并在栽植后50～60d完成花芽分化,整个花芽分化过程约需40d。其分化进程可分为花芽未分化期、花芽分化初期、花序原基和小花原基分化期、花器官分化期、整个花序形成期五个时期。     

Effects of panaxadiol saponin on TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA expression in LPS induced shock rats

AIM: To explore the molecular mechanism of panaxadiol saponin (PDS) by observing Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODS: Rats were divided into LPS, LPS+PDSL, LPS+PDSM and control group, respectively. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide (NO) content, LPO content, SOD activity and TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA expression were assayed 4 h after intravenous injection of LPS. RESULTS: NOS activity, NO content, LPO content of LPS+PDSL group and LPS+PDSM group were significantly lower than those in LPS group. TLR2 mRNA expression in the liver tissue of LPS+PDSL group and LPS+PDSM group was decreased compared with LPS group.CONCLUSION: PDS has a protective effect on liver tissues by triggering the down-regulation of TLR2 expression, reducing NOS activity, and NO content.     

巴西橡胶树野生种质植物学性状变异分析

植物学性状特征是研究植物遗传分化及多样性最基础、最直观的方法,是区分橡胶树品种和判断种质遗传变异的重要依据。本研究对129份橡胶树野生种质的茎围、株高、分枝角度、嫩叶色、老叶色、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶面积等10个植物学性状参数进行了测量,并作变异性及相关性分析。结果表明,变异性方面,分枝角度变异系数为40.53%,茎围变异系数为28.52%,其余植物学性质变异系数也较大;相关性方面,橡胶树野生种质生长量相关的茎围、株高、叶面积、小叶长、小叶宽等5个植物学性状具显著相关性,说明上述性状可为橡胶树速生品种选育提供参考。本研究通过橡胶树植物学性状变异性及相关性分析,初步阐明了橡胶树野生种质的资源丰富程度,可为后续的橡胶树性状全基因组关联分析及种质创新研究提供基础数据。