茶传记拟人化艺术和茶语模因的变异表征

茶传记的发展历经了唐、宋、元、明四个朝代,是中国茶典籍的重要组成部分,蕴含着大量独特的茶语模因。在拟人化艺术的加持下,语言模因与其他强势因子相结合,构建出新的模因复合体,在变异的同时既保留了元模因的重要特质,又发展了深层蕴义,使模因产生了更强的生命力。本文以四篇最著名的茶传记:《叶嘉传》《清苦先生传》《味苦居士传》《六安州茶居士传》为评议对象,从名号中的茶称化用表征、形象中的茶质移就表征、叙事中的茶性借代表征三个方面,分析拟人化艺术如何增强语言模因的感染力和表征力。     

Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.     

驻极体对大肠杆菌的影响研究

为了有效防止空气中的大肠杆菌附着在食物等表面对人和动物造成腹泻等肠道疾病。以聚四氟乙烯制作的驻极体薄膜为试材,用控制变量法与理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法测得带负电和带正电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌的影响数据。结果表明：带负电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌的正常生长具有抑制作用,最高抑制率达到70.82%;带正电的驻极体薄膜促进了大肠杆菌的生长,最高促进率达到54.65%。进一步用光学显微镜观察到在带正电的驻极体薄膜下处理后的大肠杆菌菌落生长密集,带负电的驻极体薄膜处理后的菌落生长稀疏。驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌生长造成影响的机制主要是静电场影响了大肠杆菌分子的膜电位,进而影响大肠杆菌的生长。带负电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用,可为生产与驻极体灭菌有关的材料提供理论依据。     

提高造林成活率的几种措施探析

通过实践,半干旱地区造林采取植物体保水剂浸根、ABT3号生根粉浸根、大营养钵雨季栽大苗等3种不同措施,可明显提高造林成活率,为加快改善辽西地区生态环境,提供了技术保障。