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1.
In recent years, the interest in equine foetal gender determination (FGD) during gestation increased remarkably. Ultrasonographic FGD can be performed in two different periods during gestation. The earliest examination can take place at a gestational age of 60–70 days, whereby the genital tubercle is used to differentiate between male and female foeti. The time window of the second approach is wider (120–210 days), and there are more characteristics to take into consideration. In this article, the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasonographic FGD in mid‐ to late gestation are evaluated. One hundred twenty‐one mares from different breeds with a pregnancy stage between 120 and 270 days were examined once, using B‐scale ultrasonography (Esaote MyLab™ClassC). None of the mares were sedated nor shaved, and the procedure was completed within 15 min. Diagnosis was firstly based on the gonads. The final judgement was made based on all visible foetal reproductive organs. In three cases with a pregnancy stage beyond 257 days, FGD was not possible. All of the examined mares in which a FGD could be performed gave birth to a healthy foal. In 98% of the examinations (116/118), the diagnosis was correctly made. In both cases of misdiagnosis, only one characteristic was seen during the procedure and wrongly interpreted. Beyond 210 days of pregnancy, the extremities can preclude a good visualization of the inguinal region. In conclusion, equine FGD in mid‐ to late gestation is an accessible and accurate technique, although a good ultrasound device is a prerequisite and experience and expertise is necessary.  相似文献   
2.
采用盆栽试验研究了葎草(Humulus scandens)幼苗对盐胁迫响应的生理生化性别差异,测定了不同盐(NaCl)浓度(0、100、200、300mmol·L~(-1))下雌雄植株的单叶面积、气体交换参数、叶水势、叶绿素荧光、叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标的变化。结果表明,NaCl胁迫后葎草雌雄幼苗的叶干重、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、叶水势(ψ_w)和CAT均呈逐渐降低的趋势,而气孔限制值(L_s)和MDA逐渐上升,其单叶面积则先升后降。随着NaCl胁迫的递增,雌株的最小荧光(F_o)呈先升后降的变化,最大荧光(_Fm)、可变荧光(F_v)、PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)和非光化学淬灭系数(qN)则逐渐递增,光化学淬灭系数(qP)和叶绿素含量却逐渐递减;从总体上看,雄株的表现光合电子传递速率(ETR)、Fm和Fv、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和F_v/F_o也呈上升趋势,qN和qP却呈下降趋势,而叶绿素含量却先升后降。因此,NaCl胁迫影响了葎草雌雄幼苗的单叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光、气体交换、CAT和MDA含量等生理生化特征,但雌雄幼苗对NaCl胁迫的响应存在差异。与雄株相比,雌株对NaCl胁迫更耐受。  相似文献   
3.
There has so far been limited investigation into gender in relation to innovation in fisheries. Therefore, this study investigates how gender relations shape the capacity and motivation of different individuals in fishing communities to innovate. We compare six fishing communities in Cambodia, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands. Our findings suggest that gendered negotiations mediate the capacity to innovate but that wider structural constraints are important constraints for both men and women. Our findings show that men's and women's capacity to innovate is strongly mediated by the behaviour of their marriage partner. Consequently, we argue that gender research from a social relational perspective has an important contribution to make in understanding poor fishing communities where new ways of doing things or new technologies are being promoted.  相似文献   
4.
旨在建立可以定量计算奶山羊精液中X、Y精子数量的双重TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,用以检测经过分离的奶山羊精液X和Y精子的数量和比例,为性控技术的开发和生产应用提供技术支撑。本研究选择X、Y染色体中特异基因F9及ZFY片段设计引物,建立标准曲线,优化荧光定量PCR反应体系和条件。通过对阳性标准品梯度稀释以及对60支已知纯度的性控精液进行测定(3次重复)来检验方法的敏感性和可靠性。结果显示,所建立的双重TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法特异性和重复性好,X和Y精子检测灵敏性分别为47和51 copies·μL-1;利用该方法对商品化的奶山羊性控冷冻精液中X和Y精子的数量和比例进行计算,其结果与销售公司提供的X和Y精子的纯度无显著差异(P>0.05),表明该方法结果可靠。本研究建立的计算奶山羊X、Y精子数量的双重TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法特异性和重复性好,灵敏度高,结果可靠,为计算奶山羊精液分离后X、Y精子数量及比例提供了快速可靠的方法。  相似文献   
5.
White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important tuber crop of West Africa and the Caribbean, and one of the key limiting factors in its production is the availability of good quality planting material. The Adaptive Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) was designed to help overcome this constraint. The paper presents an analysis of agronomic and economic data collected across four years (2013 to 2016) of AYMT plots planted in two areas within the middle-belt of Nigeria. Of the 136 plots that were established, 11% were lost to flooding and damage from Fulani cattle. Mean yield was 13.16 t/ha, 17,747 tubers/ha and the mean tuber weight was 0.73 kg. Plot yield declined with an increase in planting time, while plots owned by female farmers were on average planted later than those owned by their male counterparts; this helps explain the effect of gender noted in a previous study. Differences in yield were also noted between the two areas, which could also partly be explained by differences in planting time. The plots were profitable, with a mean cost over the four years of Naira 915,196/ha, revenue of Naira 3,197,786/ha and gross margin of Naira 2,282,591/ha (equivalent to US$4,039, US$14,319 and US$10,280 respectively). The main factor influencing costs and revenue was year, with no effect of gender. There is a need for more research on planting time in AYMT and how it interacts with factors, such as yam variety.  相似文献   
6.
通过建立理论模型,并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据,从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现,家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素,同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等,但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此,政府应大力发展家庭服务业,建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系,基本满足家庭的服务需求,使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来,同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例,增强就业竞争实力;规范劳动合同,维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。  相似文献   
7.
Meat quality means the characteristics such as appearance is related to palatability in fresh meat or manufactured meat, it includes meat color, meat structure, hardness, marbling, water holding capacity and so on.The physical characteristics of mutton quality determines the consumer acceptability of meat and there is a close relationship between chemical composition of mutton quality and nutrient substance.With the improvement of living standards, consumers are increasingly high demand for mutton.From quantitative to qualitative change, we need to continuously improve mutton quality.At present, the production of high quality animal products has become a hot topic.This paper is a summary of the effects of breed, gender, age, environment and feed nutrition on mutton quality, and aims to provide a scientific basis for improving of mutton quality with nutritional regulation measures.  相似文献   
8.
The dispossession of urban communities across class and racial lines is a global phenomenon linked to the expansion of international investment in the development of ‘exemplary’ city space. However, city evictions are also historically informed and gendered processes which are continuous with past colonial and postcolonial urban rationalisation projects. Drawing on testimonies of women evictees in Jakarta, as well as interviews with public housing managers, this article details the gendered nature of the rationalisation of urban life in the context of a contemporary evictions regime. We argue that the rationalisation of urban space serves to sharpen the gender order by placing material constraints on women's roles, limiting their economic activities and defining them as hygiene‐responsible housewives. Further, and in turn, the limited provision of ‘rusunawa’ public housing, which we show to be a gendered spatial and social transition informed by state doctrine on the family, provides the state with justification for dispossession itself. Finally, women's everyday acts of refusal and resistance show not only that kampung forms of social life continue to be preserved in Jakarta, but also that rationalisation itself is a negotiated and contingent process.  相似文献   
9.
试验旨在探讨解耦联蛋白1(UCP1)基因核苷酸变异对绵羊生长性状的性别差异和胴体性状的影响,以期能够筛选出可以提升绵羊生长及胴体性状的核苷酸变异,为提高绵羊相关重要经济性状的分子遗传标记提供材料。以9个绵羊品种为研究对象,用PCR-SSCP方法检测不同性别绵羊中UCP1基因内含子5区和外显子6区变异。利用Minitab 16.0软件中一般线性模型分析内含子5区等位基因与不同性别绵羊生长性状、公羔胴体性状的关联性。结果显示,绵羊UCP1基因内含子5区和外显子6区共检测到8个核苷酸变异,其中位点c.910 G/A突变导致p.Ala304Thr氨基酸变异。生长性状关联分析结果表明,内含子5区等位基因对绵羊生长性状的影响存在性别特异性,母羔中携带等位基因A1的群体较缺失群体具有较低的初生重(P<0.05),公羔中携带等位基因C1的群体较缺失群体具有较高的断尾重(P<0.05),未发现其他等位基因与羔羊的生长性状存在性别特异性。胴体性状关联分析结果表明,携带等位基因A1的群体具有较低后腿瘦肉量、腰部瘦肉量和较高的肩部瘦肉比例(P<0.05),携带等位基因C1的群体具有较低的后腿瘦肉比例(P<0.05),其他胴体性状均没有发现与等位基因存在显著相关,基因型分析结果与等位基因分析结果一致。结果提示,UCP1基因对绵羊的生长性状影响具有性别特异性,且携带等位基因A1的公羔群体具有较低的胴体生产性状,为提高公羔胴体生产性能提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
10.
詹姆斯·乔伊斯与弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是二十世纪意识流文学大师的杰出代表,他们成功塑造了莫莉、拉姆齐夫人、达洛维等一系列经典女性形象。然而在表现和刻画女性形象时,二者的小说在语言运用、作家性别、女性意识和小说选材等方面存在诸多差异,其中两人各自不同的人生经历和生活态度对其创作产生了较大影响。两位作家透过小说中一个个鲜活的女性形象,表达了对整个女性群体命运的关怀。  相似文献   
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