红外相机技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的应用

为了充实河北雾灵山自然保护区的野生动物资源本底资料,提高监测能力和监测水平,雾灵山保护区自2015年开始将红外相机技术应用到野生动植物的资源调查和管护中。目前应用红外相机技术发现兽类5目10科14种,鸟类4目6科10种,掌握了区内主要物种猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狍(Capreolus)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律,补充了保护区的本底调查资料,为保护区进一步开展金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)和鸟类多样性等科学研究奠定了基础,为保护区制定关于野生动物资源的相关管护政策提供了科学依据。     

松阳县古松树的松材线虫病现状调查与分析

古松树是历史的见证,是文化的承载,其保护工作具有重要意义,但因松材线虫的传播侵染,其生存状况不容乐观。本研究以松阳古松树为对象,基于分子检测技术,对其松材线虫病现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明,有12个乡镇近60%的古松树均已感病,疫情较为严重,需及时开展抗病保护工作。     

江苏省西/甜瓜地的土壤养分状况及其对种植年限的响应

为了解江苏省西/甜瓜产区土壤养分现状,探究西/甜瓜种植年限与土壤养分间的关系,分别在西/甜瓜主产区的苏南、苏中和苏北地区7个市的瓜地采集150个土壤样品,对不同种植年限西/甜瓜土壤pH值、电导率(EC值)及养分进行分析。结果表明,不同西/甜瓜产区土壤的pH值、电导率及养分含量具有显著差异;从全省看,土壤有效锌含量为强变异,其余养分含量和pH值、电导率均为中等变异;7个市土壤速效磷、速效钾和有效锌的含量均达到丰富水平,硼含量均较缺乏;土壤电导率以盐城市为最高,而土壤有机质和全氮以盐城市为最低。同时发现,种植年限与土壤的全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效硼呈极显著正相关关系。总体看,江苏省不同西/甜瓜产地土壤速效养分较充足,应适当控制磷钾肥使用量,增加微量元素硼肥的使用。     

Effects of UV-B radiation intensity and timing on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease worldwide that is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation is one important environmental factor affecting the occurrence and epidemiology of wheat stripe rust. Investigating UV-B radiation effects on the epidemiology of stripe rust may be conducive to monitoring and predicting this disease. In this study, wheat seedlings were exposed to UV-B radiation during different periods under laboratory conditions and radiation effects on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were investigated. Results showed that incubation period was shortened, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index increased when UV-B radiation was performed only pre-inoculation. When the UV-B radiation was performed only post-inoculation or both pre- and post-inoculation, the incubation period was prolonged, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were reduced. When healthy wheat seedlings were inoculated using urediospores collected from wheat leaves irradiated by UV-B only post-inoculation or both pre- and post-inoculation, infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were also reduced. However, in the latter, the disease incubation period did not differ under varying UV-B radiation intensities compared to that when wheat leaves were not treated with UV-B radiation. Overall, the effects of direct exposure of wheat plants to UV-B radiation with different intensities in different periods on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were systematically explored, and the results suggest that the effects of UV-B radiation increased gradually with the increase of UV-B radiation intensity. This information provides a basis for monitoring and predicting this disease as well as for conducting further studies on pathogen virulence variation.     

长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业环保现状调查研究

对长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业的环保现状进行了调查研究,结果发现:当前区域垃圾焚烧企业,在保证规模、控制数量及地域上均衡布置的前提下,行业废水、废气污染治理设施齐全,废水、废气均稳定可达标排放,调查时段内未有投诉问题。区域垃圾焚烧行业在做到当下要求的情况下,实现了区域垃圾焚烧行业污染可控,对城市垃圾焚烧行业环保发展具备借鉴意义。     

广西芒果树叶片苔藓发生情况调查及药剂筛选试验

对广西芒果树叶片苔藓的发生情况及防治药剂进行了初步研究?调查了广西芒果主产区的南宁市(武鸣区?兴宁区)和百色市(田东县?田阳县?田林县和右江区)?在南宁市开展4种药剂的18种不同浓度或者配比组合的药剂筛选试验?结果表明, 南宁市芒果树叶片平均发病率达到88.5%, 右江区发病率为81.7%, 其后依次为田东县?田林县和田阳县, 发病率分别为56.1%?54.8%和34.2%?通过不同药剂及其不同配比药效试验, 80%乙蒜素乳油的防效极显著优于46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂?32%唑酮·乙蒜素乳油和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂?80%乙蒜素乳油500倍液?1 000倍液和1 500倍液的防效分别为93.37%?85.82%和51.85%?综上, 芒果树叶片苔藓已在广西全区普遍发生, 南宁市和右江区受害严重, 推荐使用80%乙蒜素乳油1 000倍液防治?     

安康市核桃果实害虫种类调查研究

采用生长期定点定株定期果实害虫调查和贮藏期室内常温贮藏观测法,对安康市核桃果实害虫种类进行了调查。结果为安康市核桃果实生长期害虫有13种,隶属5目11科;核桃果实贮藏期害虫有3种,隶属2目3科;核桃生长期危害较大的果实害虫主要是核桃举肢蛾、核桃长足象、双鬃尖尾蝇和桃蛀螟;贮藏期危害较大的果实害虫是印度谷螟;首次发现并记录了角斑古毒蛾幼虫为害核桃幼果。     

文成县新鲜蔬菜电子商务发展现状及对策建议

对文成县的新鲜蔬菜电子商务发展现状进行调查,分析表明在新鲜蔬菜网络销售种类、电商企业组成、电商平台建设、安全追溯体系等方面呈现蓬勃发展的良好态势,但在新鲜蔬菜电子商务规模、品牌创建程度、电子商务专业人才、物流配送网络建设等方面存在不足,结合文成县的实际提出了创新蔬菜电子商务发展模式、健全蔬菜供应链、创建蔬菜品牌形象整合营销、实施农业标准化生产提升产品质量、配强蔬菜电子商务人才、优化电子商务发展环境的对策和建议。     

昌邑生姜发展(栽培)现状及存在问题调研

为进一步提高生姜生产技术水平，对昌邑市生姜产业相关情况开展了调查，通过调查昌邑市生姜主栽品种、栽培方式、合理密度、适时覆盖和撤掉遮阳网、适时适度覆土、合理生长期和生长状况等栽培情况，发现存在植株过高或过矮、分枝数偏少、块茎过长过短和过宽过窄、块茎及各姜球质量差距大、地上茎叶过旺或过弱、地上地下部分生长不平衡等栽培问题，并结合实际提出了选择好良种和栽培方式、计划好种植密度、掌握好遮阳网的覆盖和撤掉时机、把握好覆土厚度和时间、做好生姜生长期综合统筹管理等建议。     

六堡茶种质资源调查初报

通过对六堡茶种质资源进行调查,发现六堡茶品种资源在苍梧全县、藤县金鸡镇、岑溪市南渡镇等地均有分布,以苍梧县六堡镇、狮寨镇为主要分布地。这些茶原料的水浸出物含量为46.6%~56.4%,茶多酚含量为32.2%~49.7%,氨基酸含量为2.7%~5.2%,咖啡碱含量为2.7%~6.6%,儿茶素含量为17.5%~24.6%,适制六堡茶和红茶。