生物安全隔离区划在禽流感防控中的应用

简要回顾了生物安全隔离区划的应用进展,重点介绍了生物安全隔离区划在禽流感防控中常用的技术手段,以期对我国禽流感防控工作和无禽流感生物安全隔离区建设提供参考。     

西双版纳香荚兰栽培气候影响因素及适种区区划

根据香荚兰生长发育特性及其对气象条件的要求,和西双版纳的气候资料,综合分析和评价西双版纳香荚兰栽培的有利气象因素和不利气象条件,用模糊数学的理论和方法对西双版纳海拔800m以下各乡镇进行香荚兰宜植度的区划。     

文学作品的福柯式阅读-以《拾橡子的男孩》为例

时下,学界对福柯的关注主要集中在他的一些颠覆性话语上面,却较少关注作为他思想精髓的认识论和方法论。本文以英国作家R.杰弗里斯的短篇小说《拾橡子的男孩》为例,尝试运用福柯的话语分析方法解读文学作品,力图建立一种新的阅读模式,以期克服文学批评中形而上学的泛滥。     

碱蓬属植物耐盐机理研究进展

碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物是一类典型的真盐生植物,属于重要的盐生植物资源,全球广泛分布.人们已经对20种碱蓬属植物进行了观察和盐胁迫实验,研究了不同器官或组织的生理生化特征及其对盐胁迫的反应,并基于这些研究分析了盐胁迫的应答机制.叶片肉质化、细胞内离子区域化、渗透调节物质增加和抗氧化系统能力增强是碱蓬属植物响应和适应盐胁迫的重要方式和途径.但迄今为止的研究工作尚有一定的局限性,主要包括:研究工作主要集中在植物地上部分,而对植物地下部分的研究较少;多是少数生物学指标或生理学现象的单独观察,而缺乏对生理代谢过程的整体和综合分析;针对某种碱蓬的独立分析较多,而与近缘种的比较研究较少;植物对中性盐胁迫的反应研究较多,而对碱性盐的研究较少.为进一步系统阐明碱蓬属植物的耐盐机制,今后的工作应注重碱蓬属植物响应和适应盐胁迫的信号网络和调控机制研究,基于系统生物学研究思路,采用现代组学技术探索该属植物响应盐胁迫的由复杂信号网络调控的特殊生理特征和特异代谢途径.     

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of chromium in rice plants suffering from different levels of chromium toxicity

The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of different heavy metals in rice are correlated with their bio‐toxicity. An experiment was conducted to investigate the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of chromium (Cr) in two rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 113 and cv. Dan K5) differing in Cr accumulation, to understand the mechanisms of Cr toxicity and resistance in rice plants. The results show that Cr in the roots of rice plants exposed to Cr stress was mainly localized in cell walls, whereas Cr in leaves and stems was mainly present in both cell walls and vacuoles, suggesting that both compartments act as important protective barriers against Cr toxicity in rice plants. Although Cr ions in all plant tissues exist predominantly in the forms extracted by 80% ethanol and distilled water, the amount of Cr in the chemical forms extracted by 2% HAc, 0.6 M HCl, and in residues was significantly increased under the highest Cr level (100 μM Cr) compared to the plants grown under lower Cr levels. These results indicate that excess Cr accumulated in rice plants under Cr stress is bound to undissolved or low‐bioavailable compounds, such as undissolved phosphate and oxalate, being beneficial for rice plants to alleviate Cr toxicity. In addition, under the highest Cr level (100 μM), Dan K5 had a higher percentage of Cr in the chemical forms extracted by 2% HAc, 0.6 M HCl, and in residues compared to Xiushui 113 in both stems and leaves, indicating that more Cr ions in shoots of Dan K5 were bound to undissolved or low‐bioavailable compounds, in comparison with those of Xiushui 113. It is evident that the low bioavailability of Cr in the shoots of Dan K5 is related to a high Cr accumulation.     

硼诱导植物耐铝性的机制研究进展

酸性土壤中铝(Al)毒害已成为世界性关注问题,且硼(B)在耐铝毒方面广有研究。为更清晰探究硼如何提升植物耐铝性的机制作用,本综述主要从植物外部排斥机制和内部耐受机制两方面介绍了植物耐铝毒机制,探究出硼对植物铝毒害的缓解机制主要包括:(1)诱导有机酸的分泌;(2)调控根系pH的改变;(3)降低细胞壁铝结合位点;(4)调控抗氧化酶及抗氧化剂系统;(5)促使液泡区室化;(6)调控植物生长素的应答,综合以上几方面进行介绍,以期为酸性土壤中硼肥施用提高植株耐铝性提供理论基础。     

Localization ability,latent period and wilting rate in eleven carnation cultivars with partial resistance to Fusarium wilt

Summary The latent periods, wilting rates and percentages of diseased plants were analyzed for 11 carnation cultivars after root and after stem inoculation with race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianth. There was no conclusive evidence for the presence of an independent extravascular resistance mechanism, except for Lena plants in which, additional to the vascular resistance components, independent root-bound factors causing retardation of the colonization and wilting process were found. A large variation was observed in the ablity of the cultivars to localize the pathogen in the vascular tissue shortly after infection of the xylem. This ability was positively correlated with the latent period, and negatively with the wilting rate and final disease index. In resistant cultivars, secondary compartmentalization of the fungus higher up in the stem was also observed. After stem inoculation, differences among the cultivars in localization ability and wilt-retarding actors could be identified at an early stage by comparing the precentages of non-colonized plants or the percentages of plants lacking vascular discolouration.     

山西省太谷县农业水环境地域划分研究

采用D8算法的典型方法,使用ArcGIS对DEM进行一系列数据分析,对太谷县水环境地域划分进行了研究。首先科学判断并纠正DEM数据,其次计算无洼地水流流向、汇流累积量,再次提取河网和分析特征。结果得出了太谷县29类集水区,并划分了7类农业水环境地域分布区:高集水区、较高集水区、一般集水区、较低集水区、低集水区、空集水区、非集水区,进而可划分出太谷县五大特色农业地域布局。     

晋南水地区域化高产小麦品种特性及育种技术的研究

通过对山西省南部小麦生产上近１０年来推广种植的８个当家品种的讨论，阐述了晋南麦区高产小麦品种的区域化共同特性，分析了８个品种的系谱与遗传组成的特点，由此对选育区域化高产小麦品种的育种技术进行了探讨。     

中国高致病性禽流感疫情流行特征及其防控措施

高致病性禽流感在中国持续流行,H7N9病毒感染人类出现新的疫情特征,需要进一步强化防控措施。针对疫情点多面广、H9亚型泛滥重组和交叉感染带毒等特点,应做到依法处置疫情,加强家禽企业生物安全隔离区建设,谨慎使用疫苗,完善监测系统和兽医管理体制。结合禽流感最新疫情流行特征,对中国禽流感防控体系建设进行了探讨。