Generation and characterization of aptamers against grass carp reovirus infection for the development of rapid detection assay

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes devastating viral haemorrhagic disease in farmed grass carp (Ctenopharyngon idellus). As novel molecular probes, aptamers have been widely applied in rapid diagnosis and efficient therapies against virus or diseases. In this study, three single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were selected against GCRV‐infected CIK cells via SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology). Secondary structures predicted by MFOLD indicated that aptamers formed stem‐loop structures, and GVI‐11 had the lowest ΔG value of ?30.84 KJ/mol. Three aptamers could specifically recognize GCRV‐infected CIK cells, with calculated dissociation constants (Kd) of 220.86, 176.63 and 278.66 nM for aptamers GVI‐1, GVI‐7 and GVI‐11, respectively, which indicated that they could serve as specific delivery system for antiviral therapies. The targets of aptamers GVI‐1, GVI‐7 and GVI‐11 on the surface of GCRV‐infected cells could be membrane proteins, which were trypsin‐sensitive. Furthermore, FAM‐labelled aptamer GVI‐7 could be applied to detect GCRV infection in vivo. It is the first time to generate and characterize aptamers against GCRV‐infected cells. These aptamers have great potentials in development of rapid diagnosis technology and antiviral agents against GCRV infection in aquaculture.     

基于核酸适配体的阳离子聚合物聚集纳米金比色法检测水中睾酮

利用核酸适配体对睾酮特异性识别功能以及阳离子聚合物PDDA(poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride,PDDA)聚集纳米金特性,建立了一种高灵敏度、高特异性测定睾酮的定量方法。在最优实验条件[10 mmol/L PB缓冲溶液(pH 7.4),孵育温度25℃,6nmol/L PDDA,6nmol/L睾酮核酸适配体]下,体系吸光度比值A_(650)/A_(520)与睾酮浓度C呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2为0.995。该方法可检测睾酮浓度范围为2.27nmol/L~1.8μmol/L,最低检测限为2.27nmol/L,将本方法应用于检测自来水睾酮含量,加标回收率为99.81%~105.04%。本方法具有检测范围广、成本低、操作简便、检测灵敏等优点,具有良好实际应用前景。     

Inhibition of hirame rhabdovirus growth by RNA aptamers

RNA aptamers are artificial nucleic acids that specifically bind to a wide variety of targets. They are an effective tool for pharmaceutical research and development of antiviral agents. Here, we describe four Hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV)‐RNA aptamers (H1, H2, H3 and H4) that we obtained from an in vitro process called the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The HIRRV‐RNA aptamers specifically bind to HIRRV. Hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells treated with virus and the RNA aptamer showed a decrease in appearance of cytopathic effect when compared with control (treated only with virus). Rhodovulum sulfidophilum was transformed with genes for the RNA aptamers, and the aptamers were detected in the culture medium, indicating that they were secreted from the cells. Thus, the recombinant R. sulfidophilum might be a powerful tool for the prevention of HIRRV in aquaculture.     

核酸适配体技术在食品有害物检测中的研究进展

核酸适配体是一段可以特异性识别并结合靶分子的寡聚核苷酸片段,具有亲和力强、稳定性好、易于修饰等特点,已经广泛用于检测、分离纯化和医疗三大领域。基于核酸适配体技术的检测方法得到了迅速地发展,已经应用于小分子、蛋白质、细菌病毒等方面的检测。主要综述了核酸适配体检测食品中有害物的研究进展。     

基于电化学传感器检测农副产品黄曲霉毒素B1的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素B1是农副产品中最常见的真菌毒素之一,具有诱变、致畸、免疫抑制和致癌的作用。为了减少黄曲霉毒素B1带来的危害,开发可靠的方法来检测农副产品中的黄曲霉毒素B1十分重要。传统的检测方法难以满足现代农业中现场、快速检测的需求,而电化学传感器具有制备简单、便于携带、灵敏度高和选择性强等特点,因而备受关注。根据识别元件的不同,黄曲霉毒素B1的电化学传感器可以分为基于适配体的传感器、基于免疫反应的传感器、基于分子印迹的传感器。研究者们又根据不同的感知策略、纳米材料研发了多种类型的黄曲霉毒素B1电化学传感器。该研究综述了近5年来（2019—2023年间）黄曲霉毒素B1电化学传感器的研究进展,列举了具有代表性的实例,讨论了基于不同识别元件的传感器的传感机理和不同的信号产生策略,对这些传感器的性能进行了对比。并分析了不同识别元件的优缺点,探讨了基于不同原理的黄曲霉毒素B1电化学传感器的不足之处和发展方向,如需要开发新型的识别元件、研发新的纳米材料并提高纳米材料的制备技术、不同传感策略的联合应用、研发多种毒素同时检测的传感器、简化修饰步骤提高传感器稳定性等,以期为实现黄曲霉毒素B1电化学传感器的实际应用提供参考。     

Antiviral activity of Illicium verum Hook. f. extracts against grouper iridovirus infection

Grouper iridovirus causes high mortality rates in cultured groupers, and effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection is urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. is a well-known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of I. verum extracts to treat grouper iridovirus infection. The safe working concentration of each I. verum extract was identified both in vitro and in vivo as follows: I. verum aqueous extract (IVAE) ≤ 500 μg/ml; I. verum ethanol extract (IVEE) ≤ 250 μg/ml; shikimic acid (SKA) ≤ 250 μg/ml; trans-anethole (TAT) ≤ 800 μg/ml; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DDBA) ≤ 400 μg/ml; and quercetin (QCE) ≤ 50 μg/ml. The inhibitory activity of each I. verum extract against grouper iridovirus infection was analysed using aptamer (Q2)-based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2-AFMP) and RT-qPCR. All of the I. verum extracts displayed dose-dependent antiviral activities against grouper iridovirus. Based on the achieved per cent inhibition, IVAE, IVEE, DDBA and QCE were associated with the greatest antiviral activity (all > 90%). Together, our results indicate that I. verum extracts have effective antiviral properties, making it an excellent potential source material for the development of effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection.     

SELEX技术筛选重组人超氧化物歧化酶核酸适体研究

运用指数富集配基系统技术（SELEX）筛选人超氧化物歧化酶（rhSOD）特异性核酸适体。体外化学合成长度为78 bp的中间含有35个随机序列的单链DNA文库,通过比较不对称PCR和生物素-链亲和素磁珠分离方法制备ssDNA文库的效果,确定以生物素-链亲和素磁珠分离方法制备ssDNA文库,采用硝酸纤维素膜为介质,以SOD蛋白为靶标,筛选其亲和性核酸适体,酶联仪测定定D450值,计算每轮ssDNA文库与靶分子的结合率。经过11轮筛选后,随机ssDNA文库与SOD的结合率从初始的0.47%上升到37.5%,随着筛选轮数的增加,ssDNA与靶分子结合率趋于稳定。初步筛选出具有高亲和力的SOD酶特异性核酸适体,为进一步开发和研究SOD新药及模拟药物提供参考。     

Selection and characterization of ssDNA aptamers specifically recognizing pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) is a major opportunistic pathogen to both marine animals and humans, which has also caused heavy economic losses to mariculture. The aim of this study was to develop highly specific aptamers for V. alginolyticus. Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers with high binding affinity to viable V. alginolyticus were generated by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) and identified by flow cytometric analysis in this study. The selected aptamers showed high specificity for V. alginolyticus and low apparent binding for other bacteria. The aptamers formed distinct stem‐loop structures, which could form the basis of aptamers’ specific binding to the target V. alginolyticus. Aptamer VA2 and VA8 showed particularly high binding affinity constant (Kd) of 14.31 ± 4.26 and 90.00 ± 13.51 nM, respectively. The aptamers produced no cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. ssDNA aptamers were successfully selected against the viable bacteria pathogen V. alginolyticus by SELEX. The aptamers selected in this study could be not only applied as specific chemical molecular probes for studying V. alginolyticus pathogenesis to Trachinotus ovatus, but also developing rapid convenient diagnosis assay for V. alginolyticus infection, even when applied to the complex sample matrix, such as food and environment samples.     

SELEX技术筛选毒死蜱单链DNA适体

试验旨在利用SELEX技术体外筛选毒死蜱的特异性适体。体外合成全长为91 nt的ssDNA文库,以链亲和素修饰的凝胶为载体、毒死蜱为靶分子进行SELEX(配体指数增强系统进化技术)筛选。利用荧光标记法测定适体的筛选效率、亲和力和特异性,通过MFOLD分析软件对亲和力较高的适体进行二级结构预测和结合位点分析。结果表明,经过15轮筛选后,DNA文库的筛选效率达到44.00%;最终获得9条ssDNA适体,其中适体N23对毒死蜱具有最高的亲和力,其结合活性显著高于N23与水胺硫磷、丙溴磷、氧化乐果的结合活性;二级结构表明茎环结构可能是毒死蜱与适体相互作用的结构基础。     

牛奶中孕酮的金铁复合纳米粒子磁弛豫开关传感检测

孕酮是由黄体分泌的一种类固醇激素,食品中存在的孕酮对人体内分泌等健康产生严重影响。因此,探索简单、快速、灵敏的孕酮检测技术及方法很有必要。基于孕酮的特异性适配体（Apt）功能化的Au@Fe₃O₄纳米粒子构建磁弛豫传感器,在优化各种实验条件的基础上,对传感器的灵敏度、特异性进行评估,并对牛奶中孕酮检测的可行性进行分析。当孕酮适配体与Au@Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的体积比为3且孵育1.5 h时,有利于Apt-Au@Fe₃O₄纳米探针的构建。磁弛豫检测过程中的优化条件如下：NaCl浓度为0.02 mol/L,Apt-Au@Fe₃O₄纳米粒子稀释400倍,反应15 min。在此条件下,水体系中单组份横向弛豫时间的变化量与孕酮浓度间呈良好的线性关系,线性区间为1～40 nmol/L,检测限为4.97 nmol/L,且具有良好的特异性。该方法可实现对牛奶样品中孕酮的检测,对牛奶中孕酮的线性检测区间为20～100 nmol/L,检测...