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1.
The elevated presence of metal(loid)s in the environment significantly impacts ecosystems and human health and is generally largely due to industrial and mining activities. Thus, in the current study, we investigated and proposed an environmentally friendly method (phytomanagement) aimed at reducing the negative impacts associated with metal(loid) pollution through the use of soil amendments (biochar and compost) to permit Ailanthus altissima growth on a highly contaminated mining Technosol, with arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) contents of 539.06 and 11 453 mg kg-1, respectively. The objective was to examine the impacts of three biochars and compost on i) the physicochemical characteristics of soil, ii) metal(loid) immobilization in soil, and iii) A. altissima growth. We revealed that the application of biochar as a soil amendment improved soil conditions by increasing soil electrical conductivity, pH, and water-holding capacity. Moreover, concomitantly, we observed a large reduction (99%) in Pb mobility and availability following application of the hardwood biochar in combination with compost (HBCP). Thus, this combined soil amendment was most effective in promoting A. altissima growth. In addition, the HBCP treatment prevented As translocation in the upper parts of plants, although soil pore water As concentration was not diminished by amendment application.  相似文献   
2.
Alpine wetlands are hotspots of carbon (C) storage and methane emission, and they could be key contributors to global warming. In recent years, rapid warming has lowered the water table in alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau, concurrent with intensified nitrogen (N) deposition via anthropogenic activities. We carried out a field experiment to investigate the ecological impacts of these two factors on soil bacterial and functional communities, which are essential drivers of greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen amendment alone decreased the phylogenetic alpha-diversity of bacterial communities which could be offset by lowered water table. In contrast, microbial functional alpha-diversity, revealed by a high-throughput microarray, remained unchanged. Both bacterial and functional beta-diversity responded to lowered water table, but only bacterial community responded to N amendment. The alpha-Proteobacteria, beta-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the major responsive bacterial lineages, and C degradation, methanogenesis, alkaline shock, and phosphorus oxidation were the major responsive functional processes. Partitioning analysis revealed that N amendment changed bacterial community structure mainly via species loss processes but did not affect bacterial functional communities, with soil pH and ammonium as the key factors influencing changes in bacterial community structure. Conversely, lowered water table altered bacterial and functional communities through species substitution processes linked to soil pH and soil moisture. According to our results, the response mechanisms of microbial communities to lowered water table and N amendment are fundamentally different in alpine wetlands.  相似文献   
3.
【目的】提高微咸水灌溉效率并降低土壤盐渍化风险。【方法】以冬小麦为研究对象,设计避雨条件下不同微咸水-生物炭处理(CK,淡水;B0,5 g/L微咸水;B15,5 g/L微咸水及15 t/hm2生物炭;B30,5 g/L微咸水及30 t/hm2生物炭;B45,5 g/L微咸水及45 t/hm2生物炭)的田间试验,探讨了微咸水灌溉下生物炭添加量对土壤特性和冬小麦花后干物质积累及转运的影响机制。【结果】生物炭添加后土壤表层(0~20 cm)体积质量降低了2.27%~8.33%,总孔隙度增加了4.52%~13.47%,有机质量增加了30.02%~111.12%,土壤表层(0~20 cm)及主根区(0~40 cm)钠吸附比降低了23.88%~33.27%和22.34%~30.80%;15 t/hm2能够促进盐分淋洗,降低了微咸水灌溉下土壤含盐量,然而高剂量时将加剧盐分累积。单独微咸水灌溉下冬小麦生长受抑,最终产量下降了12.04%。生物炭能够缓解盐胁迫下叶片早衰,促进光合作用能力,并增加花前干物质转运量及花后干物质积累量,进而获取了更高的籽粒质量和收获指数。B15、B30、B45处理的最终产量较B0处理分别增加9.18%、7.73%、2.74%。【结论】15 t/hm2添加量的生物炭效果最佳,可促进微咸水资源的农业利用。  相似文献   
4.
为探明秸秆颗粒改良剂对川西北高寒沙地土壤氮素和黑麦草生长的影响,以农业废弃物(秸秆)为主要原料,复合聚丙烯酰胺、微生物菌剂和氮磷钾肥,加工成秸秆颗粒改良剂,设4个施用量水平(6,12,18,24t/hm2),以空白对照(CK0)和当地常规牦牛粪处理(CK1)为对照。结果表明:与CK0相比,秸秆颗粒改良剂和CK1均能显著增加土壤全氮、全氮密度、全氮储量和硝态氮含量,增加黑麦草株高、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、平均根系直径和单株干重(p0.05),达到增加土壤氮素含量和促进黑麦草生长的效果。与CK1相比,秸秆颗粒改良剂处理的平均全氮含量、全氮密度、全氮储量和硝态氮含量分别增加了12.50%,22.73%,20.90%和344.56%,黑麦草地上和地下部平均单株干重分别增加了57.50%和66.86%。增施秸秆颗粒改良剂可有效增加土壤氮素含量,黑麦草各生长指标也随改良剂施用量增加呈逐渐增加的趋势。施用量超过18t/hm2时,0—10cm土层的全氮、全氮密度、全氮储量和黑麦草各生长指标差异不显著。土壤氮素指标与黑麦草单株干重存在正相关关系,其中土壤全氮、全氮储量与黑麦草单株干重的相关性最高(r≥0.90**)。随改良剂施用量增加,外源养分淋溶率呈先降低后升高的趋势,在18t/hm2处有最小值。综合考虑土壤氮素含量、外源养分淋溶率和黑麦草生长的变化,秸秆颗粒改良剂以18t/hm2为川西北沙地土壤改良的最佳施用量。  相似文献   
5.
不同混施钝化剂对水稻吸收累积Cd的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
将石灰、赤泥和高岭土按不同比例混合(施用总量为4500kg hm-2)施加于Cd污染稻田土壤,根据混合比例不同设置CK(常规种植)、T1(1∶7∶4)、T2(3∶5∶4)、T3(4∶4∶4)和T4(6∶2∶4)共5个处理,探究不同混施钝化剂对水稻吸收累积Cd的影响。结果表明:4种混施处理能够显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,较CK相比依次降低了28.0%、40.9%、43.4%和57.4%。4种混施处理能够不同程度地降低水稻各部位对Cd的吸收累积,籽粒的Cd含量依次降低47.1%、49.2%、55.5%和81.6%,T2、T3和T4处理水稻籽粒中Cd含量达到了食品安全国家标准(G B27622017,Cd≤0.2mg kg-1)。土壤有效态Cd含量与水稻根、茎、叶和籽粒中Cd含量的Pearson相关系数分别为0.826、0.709、0.778和0.532,均达到显著相关。不同处理根系富集系数依次为5.03、1.83、2.22、1.32和0.90,钝化处理显著降低了水稻根系对Cd的富集能力。各处理水稻产量以及籽粒K、Mg元素含量没有显著差异,T1到T4处理Ca元素含量依次增加。综合分析,T4处理对于降低土壤中有效态Cd含量以及水稻籽粒中Cd含量效果最佳,且没有降低水稻产量和与稻米品质密切相关的K、Mg和Ca元素含量。  相似文献   
6.
采用大田试验,分别于烟苗移栽后25、50、75 d测定土壤主要养分含量,研究施用氰氨化钙、生物炭和微生物肥+饼肥3种土壤改良剂对植烟土壤养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭和微生物肥+饼肥的土壤速效钾较对照分别提高31.80%和12.52%,施用氰氨化钙的土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量分别降低7.30%和2.01%;烟苗移栽后75 d,施用改良剂土壤过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性较对照分别提高11.79%~15.38%、19.10%~25.14%,施用氰氨化钙的最高,生物炭的最低;施用改良剂土壤的中性磷酸酶较对照提高6.96%~14.96%,施用微生物肥+饼肥的最高,施用氰氨化钙的最低。从综合效果来看,施用生物炭改良剂效果最好。  相似文献   
7.
The use of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as organic amendment is a triple solution: a reuse of this bio-residue (6 millions of tons per year), an increase in soil organic carbon (SCG contain 82% of carbohydrates and 13% of proteins) and a decrease in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, we investigate the effect of SCG on soil and plants in an in vitro assay. The variables considered were SCG dose (2.5 and 10%), two agricultural soils (Calcisol and Luvisol), and four cultivation times (15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The chemical and physicochemical soil properties, SEM images and growth parameters were analyzed. The highest dose of SCG increased organic carbon, total N and available K and P by 286%, 188%, 45%, and 9%, respectively, while decreasing lettuce growth by 233% compared to control. The SEM study revealed that SCG particles are incorporated into soil aggregates and microorganisms grow over them, which is also corroborated by a 10-times increase of soil respiration rate. The behavior of both soils differs for some SCG effects. In conclusion, SCG have a great potential to increase soil fertility and further investigations are needed in order to improve the use of SCG as amendment.  相似文献   
8.
Phosphogypsum (PG), which contains Ca, P and S and has an acidic effect, may be applied to manage soil constraints such as alkalinity and salinity. For increasing nutrients bioavailability, biofertilizers are commonly applied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess PG effect either alone or in combination with the mixed co-inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on a saline soil. In a greenhouse pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.), the inoculated and non-inoculated saline soils were treated with PG at 10 g kg?1 (PG10), 30 g kg?1 (PG30), and 50 g kg?1 (PG50). The soil pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), and macro-(NPK) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) availability to mays were examined. Applying PG reduced soil pH and co-inoculation induced significant decreases in soil ECe. Applying PG increased significantly soil available P. Applying PG combined with co-inoculation effectively increased the soil available K. The soil available micronutrients decreased significantly with PG. However, the inoculated maize treated with PG showed significant higher dry weight (82.1–127.4%) and nutrients uptake than the control. It could be concluded that PG along with co-inoculation may be an important approach for alleviating negative effects of salinity on plant growth.  相似文献   
9.
【目的】为评价土壤施用生物质炭在防治农作物害虫中的潜力,观察了土壤施用生物质炭对取食水稻的灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)发育和生殖的影响。【方法】开展室内盆栽试验,采用生物质炭种类(玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆)与添加量(0、30和50g/kg)的2因素×3水平组合处理土壤,种植水稻苗、接种灰飞虱,观察灰飞虱的发育和生殖表现。【结果】1)生物质炭种类与添加量互作影响灰飞虱若虫历期,当施用玉米或水稻生物质炭时,不同添加量之间的若虫历期无显著差异;当施用小麦生物质炭时,添加30g/kg生物质炭处理下的若虫历期比对照(18.70±0.30 d)延长1.54 d。2)生物质炭种类与添加量没有显著互作影响雌成虫寿命。添加量不影响,但生物质炭种类具有显著影响,施用玉米或小麦生物质炭处理雌成虫寿命比水稻生物质炭处理雌成虫寿命(23.70±0.48d)分别延长2.13 d或3.10 d。3)生物质炭种类与添加量互作影响灰飞虱雌虫终身产卵量,施用生物质炭使生殖力下降,但下降幅度随生物质炭处理不同而异,当添加30g/kg生物质炭时,施用玉米生物质炭处理下的雌虫终身产卵量(176.40±6.84粒)比施用水稻或小麦生物质炭处理分别多22.80粒或18.95粒;当添加50g/kg生物质炭时,施用玉米生物质炭处理的雌虫终身产卵量(140.30±3.26粒)比施用水稻或小麦生物质炭处理分别少16.90粒或21.60粒。【结论】施用生物质炭可减弱灰飞虱的生殖力,减幅随生物质炭种类与添加量的不同而异。  相似文献   
10.
硅钙钾镁肥对浙江省酸性水稻土壤的改良效果   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了明确新型土壤调理剂——硅钙钾镁肥对浙江省酸性水稻土的改良效果,通过连续3 a的田间小区试验,研究硅钙钾镁肥不同用量与化肥配施对水稻产量及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,与习惯施肥相比,施用硅钙钾镁肥水稻增产明显,以施用硅钙钾镁肥1 500 kg·hm-2增产效果较好。在土壤改良方面,施用硅钙钾镁肥可以提高土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性氢和交换性铝含量,提高土壤有效硅和盐基离子含量。  相似文献   
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