Earthworm biomass response to soil management in semi-arid tropical Alfisol agroecosystems

Earthworms recorded during 1989–1993 across 15 soil management treatments, comprising three different tillagexthree organic amendments (bare, farmyard manure, and rice straw) and six perennial ley treatments, belonged to two endogeic species, Octochaetona phillotti (Michaelsen) and Lampito mauritii Kinberg, while in a nearby undisturbed natural revegetation area three species were found, including the above two and Octonochaeta rosea (Stephenson). The earthworm biomass showed significant temporal and spatial variations and was higher during the post monsoon period than in the early rainy season. No worm biomass was recorded during the dry season. In the tillage and organic amendment treatments, the biomass was drastically reduced from September 1989 to September 1991 after the application of carbofuran and some herbicides, and was significantly reduced during these two years compared to that of 1992. The maximum monthly earthworm biomass ranged between 2.5 and 17.9 g m^-2 across the treatments and increased several-fold in the nearby natural revegetation area (75.9 g m^-2). It significantly increased in perennial ley treatments compared to annual treatments with organic amendments. Thus the earthworm biomass varied significantly (P<0.01) across the 15 treatments, indicating discernible effects of soil management.Visiting Scientist (under the Rockefeller Foundation Environmental Research Fellowship in International Agriculture)     

克·福·唑酮悬浮种衣剂的液相色谱分析研究

采用液相色谱法 ,对克·福·唑酮悬浮种衣剂进行定量分析。选用苯基柱 ,以甲醇和水为流动相 ,种衣剂中各成分得到较好的分离。方法的标准偏差分析为 0 11、0 0 4和 0 0 5 ,变异系数分别为 0 74、0 37和 0 4 8,回收率分别为 99 6 %～ 10 1 0 %、98 4 %～ 10 0 6 %和 99 7%～ 10 0 3%。     

双条杉天牛的发生与防治初报

通过对邯郸市柏树林双条杉天牛发生情况的调查，初步查清了该虫在邯郸市的分布及其危害。根据几组防治试验的结果证明，使用树虫一针净和根埋呋喃丹是防治双条杉天牛比较简便、有效的方法。     

Nitrogen and Carbofuran Effects on the Growth and Yield Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek)

Studies were carried out both in the semi-controlled environment and in the field to evaluate the influence of nitrogen and carbofuran in the growth, dry matter partitioning and yield of mungbean. Both nitrogen and carbofuran increased leaf area, leaf N content, NAR, dry matter, most of the yield attributes, and grain yield. Dry matter accumulation during the reproductive phase was significantly influenced by nitrogen and carbofuran, and method of N application. Plants treated with nitrogen fertilizer and carbofuran produced higher amount of dry matter after flowering; but gave low harvest index values compared to control. The results suggest that mungbean yield can be substantially increased through efficient dry matter partitioning employing agronomic manipulations.     

蔬菜中克百威残留的ELISA法测定技术研究

以合成人工抗原复合物免疫新西兰大白兔,制备了特异性的兔抗BFNH多克隆抗血清。用间接ELISA法测得抗体血清的最高效价可达1:32000。并以BFNH-卵清蛋白(OVA)复合物,作为抗原包被96孔板,建立了间接竞争ELISA法,用于蔬菜中的克百威残留分析。通过实验确定该方法的工作条件和标准曲线,并测定了抗体血清与其它各种氨基甲酸酯类农药的交叉反应率。实验结果表明,抗体血清对其它氨基甲酸酯类农药的交叉反应率均小于10%。该方法对克百威纯品的检测限为0.1μg·ml-1,线性检测范围为102～10-3μg·ml-1。该方法测定结果与高效液相色谱测定结果相一致。     

克百威和灭多威的高效液相色谱法分离测定

采用高效液相色谱—紫外检测法,对克百威和灭多威2种N-甲基氨基甲酸酯类农药进行分离检测。在最佳色谱分离条件下(以甲醇∶水=60∶40作为流动相,紫外检测波长为220 nm;流速为1.1 mL/min),克百威和灭多威在4 min内达到基线分离。方法的线性范围良好,克百威和灭多威的相关系数分别为0.998 8和0.999 8,最小检测浓度分别为0.010 mg/mL和0.005 mg/mL。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定草莓中残留的克百威

[目的]为农药残留检测提供技术支持。[方法]采用凝胶色谱净化技术对草莓提取液样品进行净化,再用气相色谱/质谱联用法对样品液中的克百威残留进行了定性和定量测定。[结果]在0.01-5.00 mg/L范围内峰面积与样品液浓度呈线性相关,回归方程为Y=236 175X-8 388.4,相关系数为0.999 7。按照样品处理过程测定的该方法的加标回收率为87.6%-92.4%,相对标准偏差为3.4%-5.1%。在空白草莓样品中添加克百威标样含量为0.01 mg/kg时,测量得信噪比大于3,故该方法的检出限为0.01 mg/kg。[结论]通过该试验建立的草莓中克百威残留的分析方法适用于一般实验室的检验。     

树干注射和根施农药控制松材线虫病试验

采用树干注射16%虫线清乳油500 mL/L溶液兼根施3%呋喃丹颗粒剂的施药技术,对重点风景名胜区、佛教胜地、重要生态区域松材线虫病发生区50年以上的马尾松实施保护性防治,取得了良好的防治效果,与对照区比较,防治后的第1~3年,病死树分别减少51.6%-52.9%、39.8%-80.9%和100%,有效地保护了具重要价值的马尾松树林和生态环境安全。     

气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定蔬菜中甲基对硫磷农药和呋喃丹的优化

利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)同时测定及确定蔬菜中甲基对硫磷农药和克百威(呋喃丹)的残留量。研究了振荡提取时间、提取剂用量、盐加入量、浓缩条件等操作条件对分析方法的影响。得到的优化分析条件如下:振荡提取时间为90 min、提取剂用量为70 mL、盐加入量为3 g、浓缩条件为温度50℃低压0.09 atm;该方法的相对标准偏差<10%,样品的加标回收率为甲基对硫磷82.5%、克百威为93.5%。本方法可以满足这2种杀虫剂在蔬菜中的检测要求。     

山西省棉蚜对常用五种农药抗药性普查与监测研究

应用微量毛细管点滴法，对山西省３个棉区棉蚜进行了抗药性普查和监测研究。结果表明，对氰戊菊酯、氧化乐果、久效磷、呋喃丹和灭多威，临猗县棉蚜抗药性分别属于极高等水平、低等水平、敏感水平、中等水平和低等水平；襄汾县棉蚜除对氰戊菊酯的抗性处于高－极高等水平外，对其他４种农药的抗性与临猗县棉蚜相同；平遥县棉蚜除对氰戊菊酯和灭多威抗性分别处于中－高等水平和低等水平外，对其他３种农药均处于敏感水平。山西省棉蚜抗药性在近１０年中均有增长，尤其对氰戊菊酯的抗性增加很快。目前南部棉区棉蚜抗药性水平大于中部棉区棉蚜抗药性水平，这与南部棉区用药水平高有直接的关系。