中国河南省小麦纹枯病菌对井冈霉素及甲基立枯磷的敏感性

为明确中国河南省小麦纹枯病菌对井冈霉素及甲基立枯磷的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了两种药剂对采自该省15个地市的98株病原菌菌丝生长的毒力。结果显示:井冈霉素和甲基立枯磷对供试菌株的EC₅₀值范围分别在0.023~0.852和0.035~0.512 μg/mL之间;其敏感性频率分布图显示,病原菌群体中虽已出现对井冈霉素敏感性下降的亚群体,但77.6%和99.0%的菌株对井冈霉素和甲基立枯磷的敏感性频率仍呈正态分布,因此可将此部分菌株的平均EC₅₀值（0.424±0.081）和（0.124±0.043）μg/mL分别作为小麦纹枯病菌对井冈霉素和甲基立枯磷的敏感基线;井冈霉素的平均EC₅₀值是甲基立枯磷的3倍,表明该病原菌对甲基立枯磷更为敏感;不同地理来源病原菌群体间对井冈霉素和甲基立枯磷的敏感性均存在显著的地域性差异;小麦纹枯病菌对两种杀菌剂的敏感性之间无明显相关性。研究结果可为河南省小麦纹枯病的可持续防控提供理论依据。     

Control ofRhizoctonia solani in potato by biological,chemical and integrated measures

Summary The effects of biological, chemical and integrated control on the formation of selerotia ofRhizoctonia solani on new potato tubers were studied in experimental fields. Sprouts of seed tubers, sprouted in daylight, were inoculated withVerticillium biguttatum, an ecologically obligate mycoparasite ofR. solani. Fungicides were mixed with the top soil. Biological control byV. biguttatum increased the percentage of harvests with less than 5% loss due to grading from 24% (non-inoculated) to 56%. Fungicides at the recommended rates usually gave good results but lower doses were less effective in sand than in loam soils. When fungicides were combined with biological control, the results were often, better: harvests with less than 5% sorting loss increased from 56 to 81%. Integrated control with pencycuron at 25% of the recommended rate was about equal to chemical control with pencycuron at full rate. The advantages of integrated control are discussed. Subsequently to the paper being provisionally accepted by the processing Editor, a shorter version of this paper was published in the Proceedings of the First Conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology, ‘Biotic Interactions and Soil-borne diseases’ held at Wageningen, 1990.