Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

樟子松枯梢病的防治研究

樟子松移植苗枯梢病Sphaeropsis sapinea可以通过药剂有效地进行防治。移植前以50％多菌灵wp500倍液浸苗；在人工林中，内吸性杀菌剂－甲基托布津、多菌灵为首选药剂；在树木新梢生长停止期和展叶中期（辽西北为6月初和6月中旬），70％甲基托布津wp 1000倍液或50％多菌灵wp 500倍液防治2次。保护性杀菌剂－百菌清效果不佳。适时的卫生伐对该病有明显的抑制作用。     

海拔梯度对台江方竹发笋节律的影响研究

通过原产地对合江方竹不同海拔梯度发笋节律的观察和研究，得出其开始发笋期、停止发笋期及发笋数都随着海拔梯度的变化有显著或极显著的差异，海拔越高，发笋越早，停止发笋期也越早，平均发笋量3300株／667m^2。其发笋期可以划分为开始期、高峰期和停止期阶段。在海拔l200In以L开始发笋期出现在9月中旬，停止生长期出现在10月上旬；1000m以一卜开始发笋期、停止生长期分别出现在9月下旬和10月底以后；随着海拔高度平均每降低100m，开始发笋期推迟2—3d，停止发笋期随着海拔高度平均每降低100m推迟3—4d。数学模型（以9月13日为第一天），发笋开始期为K=31．333-0．02383H海拔，停止发笋期为T=64．867-0．03217H海拔；合江方竹在不同海拔梯度的发笋性状可以划分成900m以下和900m以上两类，其中900m以下具有“笋期晚发笋多（晚多）”特性；900m以上具有“笋期早发笋少（早少）”特性。     

梨三倍体新品种龙园洋红的选育

龙园洋红梨是梨三倍体新品种,亲本为56-520×乔玛,抗寒性强,短枝型.果实不规则长椭圆形,果形指数1.13,平均单果重185.5 g,每个果实平均2.5粒种子,种子小、不饱满,多畸形.果皮浅黄色,阳面有红晕,果肉乳白色,肉质细软多汁,风味甜,有香气,可溶性固形物16.05%.果实在哈尔滨地区9月中旬成熟.     

毛竹笋用林梅前开山施肥试验初报

通过2年的梅前开山，施肥和大量挖掘鞭笋，增挖冬笋的试验，笋产量及产值分别比原来增长49．62％，57．95％，纯收入增加75．82％，每工值增加43．53％，投入产出比1：3．37。     

微生物诱导剂浸种对小麦萌发期的抗旱诱导效果

试验结果表明,在正常供水和水分胁迫条件下,经微生物诱导剂处理,可增加小麦萌发时期的根冠比,而且在水分胁迫条件下的增加幅度大于正常供水条件。微生物诱导剂可在水分胁迫条件下促进根系生长发育,提高根系干物质积累。这些性状的改善有利于提高小麦的抗旱能力。但诱导剂处理后在一定程度上抑制了小麦种子萌发率以及小麦芽和根的伸长生长。     

茶树新梢的弯曲力学特性

采用专门设计的生物材料试验机测定了茶树新梢的折断力、断裂挠度和弹性模量等力学指标，初步探明了新梢节位（嫩度）、截面积、品种和空气温、湿度对这些指标的影响。结果表明折断式采摘机构能有效地实现选择性采茶，可克服切割式采茶机“一刀切”的弊端。此外，作者根据大量的测试数据，提出了折断式采摘器的基本工作参数。     

Effect of various plant factors on the expression of creeping-rootedness in lucerne (Medicago sativa L. complex)

Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression.     

不同副梢处理对赤霞珠葡萄生长和结果的影响

试验以3～5年生赤霞珠葡萄(CabernetSauvignon)为试材,对其进行了不同的副梢处理:只留顶端1个副梢、副梢绝后处理、花序以上反复摘心、副梢全留。2年的结果表明:副梢全留(所有副梢全留2～3片叶反复摘心)处理的叶面积指数高,果实的产量和品质高。因此,相对多留副梢叶片,改善了叶幕叶龄结构,提高了果实品质,有利于枝梢成熟。     

不同肥料对毛竹冬笋品质特征的影响

连续使用3种不同肥料3年后对冬笋品质特征影响的研究结果表明：蛋白质平均含量的百分比比对照减少0.2～0.35,还原米糖含量的百分比比对照减少0.05～0.12,脂肪平均含量中只有处理C的百分比比对照减少0.1,可溶性固形物的含量没有明显变化均为7.5%,粗纤维含量的百分比比对照增加0.07～0.1,砷（As）含量为绿色食品控制标准的12%～20%,铅（Pb）含量为绿色食品控制标准的51%～97%,镉（Cd）含量为绿色食品控制标准的58%～74%。