Experiences and perspectives of farmers from Upstate New York farmers' markets

Despite the growing popularityof farmers' markets (FMs) across the UnitedStates, the experiences and perspectives offarmers who sell at markets have received verylittle research attention. This study describesthe views of 18 farmers from Upstate New Yorkon the importance of FMs as part of theirlifestyle and livelihood, the challenges theyface selling at markets, and their conceptionsof ideal FMs. Through in-depth, semi-structuredinterviews, farmers expressed economic andsocial motivations for selling at FMs; socialbenefits from interacting with customers; andthe challenges they faced as small-scalefarmers and sellers, including extra-marketcompetition, uncooperative and problematicmarket vendors, rising farm input costs, andchanging consumer trends. Farmers alsodiscussed personal values associated withselling at FMs, such as pride in raising andmarketing one's own products, working togetherwith other farmer-vendors, and providingcustomers with honest information. Visions ofideal FMs were varied among farmers, but therewas general agreement that FMs should provide adiversity of products to attract customers andeducational opportunities for the public tolearn more about FMs and local produce. Theinterdependence of FM farmers was a majoremergent theme across interviews. Findingssuggested that market experiences of FMfarmers, including economic success, are notonly contingent on personal effort, but canalso be affected by the work of fellow vendors.Future research may look to further explore howFM farmers and other vendors interact ascooperative and competitive social and economicunits. At the community level, FM leadershipshould continue to focus on the experiences andperspectives of farmers and other marketvendors, in addition to identifying ways forenhancing cooperative FM enterprises.     

四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机

【目的】研究四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机类型及差异,为四明山国家森林公园旅游产品升级转型提供科学依据。【方法】采用问卷调查法对四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机进行实地调研,利用SPSS22.0软件对问卷调查结果开展描述统计分析、探索性因子分析、均值计算、独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析,使用AMOS21.0软件进行验证性因子分析。【结果】四明山国家森林公园游客的5个游憩动机均值表现为健康放松4.37>社会交往4.03>学习教育3.96>自我实现3.86>逃避压力3.79;不同学历游客在逃避压力动机上存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同职业游客在学习教育、自我实现以及逃避压力动机上均存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同家庭年收入的游客在学习教育、社会交往及健康放松动机上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】健康放松是四明山国家森林公园游客体验森林游憩活动的首要驱动因素,其次为社会交往、学习教育和自我实现,而逃避压力位居最后。在维护森林生态安全前提下,建议四明山国家森林公园开发森林康养、森林研学、森林度假、森林养老和森林体育等旅游产品。     

学分制背景下高校学生学习规划教育的探究

在大学生当中开展职业生涯规划教育已经得到了高等教育界的普遍重视,但学习规划教育是职业规划教育的前提和需要,本文就目标与动力、观念与方法等两个方面对学习规划教育加以探讨,供在校大学生和有关管理人员借鉴。     

Motivations of Female Black Hills Deer Hunters

State fish and wildlife agencies are particularly interested in attracting female participation because of the potential to offset declining participation in hunting. Understanding female hunters’ motivations will be critical for designing effective recruitment and retention programs for women hunters. Although female participation in hunting is increasing, males still outnumber females by about tenfold. Gender differences in deer hunters were explored by comparing ratings of eight motivations (social, nature, excitement, meat, challenge, trophy, extra hunting opportunity, and solitude). Hunter types were defined by hunters’ selection of the most important motivation for why they like Black Hills deer hunting. Overall, females and males were relatively similar in their ratings of the eight motivations, and we found 85% gender similarity in the selection of the most important motivation. Women were slightly more motivated by the food aspect of the hunt while men placed slightly more value on the hunt as a sporting activity.     

Motivations of Fur Trappers in Interior Alaska

Understanding how and why trapping effort varies among fur trappers is necessary to accurately interpret trends in fur harvest for wildlife management. We mailed questionnaires to 1,760 fur trappers in interior Alaska to characterize motivations for trapping and primary factors affecting trapping effort. A cluster analysis revealed four groups with distinct motivations for trapping: wildlife management (17% of trappers), recreation (39%), subsistence (18%), and solitude (26%) trappers. Perceived furbearer abundance had the greatest effect on trapping effort, while access to land and human conflicts were the most important social issues to trappers. Economic gain was the least important motivation for trapping among respondents. Because trapping effort mirrored furbearer abundance, harvest-based abundance indices may amplify true changes in population sizes. Our findings also suggested that managers seeking to maintain or increase satisfaction among trappers should focus on reducing human conflicts and maximizing the non-monetary benefits of trapping.     

旅韩中国游客的旅游动机及类型研究——基于问卷调查与网络文本的结合分析

目前，较少有学者结合内容分析法与问卷调查法对游客旅游动机进行研究。本研究对中国出境游客旅游动机的已往研究进行总结和评述，以旅韩中国游客为例，通过对游客进行问卷调查和收集网络文本的方法来获取研究数据，较为全面地识别了游前阶段旅韩中国游客的旅游动机；并基于旅游动机对旅韩中国游客进行分类，以识别不同类别游客的需求。     

云南省高职院校学生英语学习动机研究

英语作为全球使用范围最广泛的语言之一,其重要作用已渗透到各行各业,高职院校学生掌握好英语技能既是时代发展的要求,也是提升就业本领的要求。学习动机是直接推动学生学习的动力,激发学生英语学习动机是学生积极主动学习英语的关键。本文从主观因素学习目的、态度、期值以及客观因素授课质量、教材、成绩等方面调查了影响云南省高职学生英语学习动机的问题,并从教师和学校两个维度提出相应的对策,以期激发学生英语学习动机。     

Motivations for Enrollment Into the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program in the James River Basin of South Dakota

The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) targets high-priority conservation needs (e.g., water quality, wildlife habitat) by paying landowners an annual rental rate to remove environmentally sensitive or agriculturally unproductive lands from rowcrop production, and then implement conservation practices on these lands. This study examined motivations of South Dakota landowners for enrolling in the James River Basin CREP. All 517 newly enrolled landowners were mailed a questionnaire in 2014 measuring demographics, behaviors, opinions, and motivations (60% response rate). Cluster analysis of 10 motivations for enrolling identified three motivation groups (wildlife = 40%, financial = 35%, environmental = 25%). The financial group had the youngest mean age (62 years), followed by the wildlife (65) and environmental groups (68). Among respondents, 43% favored the public access requirement of this CREP with the environmental group most in favor. Understanding landowner enrollment motivations and decision criteria will assist in strategies (e.g., financial incentives, increasing yield via habitat restoration) for increasing future participation.     

Exploring Nontraditional Pathways Into Hunting in New York State: Implications for Recruitment and Retention

Anecdotal evidence suggests that adults lacking previous hunting experience and family support for hunting comprise a growing proportion of new hunters. Empirical evidence of such a trend is lacking. Furthermore, hunting motivations and constraints for these “nontraditional path hunters” (NTPHs) have not been well documented. We articulate a strategy for identifying potential NTPHs in New York, describe socialization mechanisms initiating NTPHs into hunting, and explore motivations and constraints of these hunters. Data were collected using a Web-based survey of 3,605 NTPHs identified among 2014 Sportsman Education course graduates in New York. We found that many NTPHs were initiated by friends and co-workers, and their motivations and constraints were similar to traditional hunters. These findings suggest that NTPHs are not a panacea to the trend of declining numbers of hunters in New York.     

中国农产品流通体制变革的动因与趋势

笔者回顾了国内学者对于农产品流通体制的研究成果,指出中国特有的城乡二元结构导致的中国农产品流通体制变革任重而道远,因此挖掘其变革的深层次动因,依然是学者们面临的重要研究课题。笔者对农产品本身对生产、流通与消费上具有的独特属性进行分析,认为这些特性所蕴含的制度含义及其所展示的潜在利润空间是影响中国农产品流通体制变革的根本动因,在此基础上提出适合中国国情的农产品流通体制进一步变革的发展思路,一是根据不同农产品所具有的生物特性和流通特性,对农产品进行分类,在此基础上,准确把握不同品类农产品流通中的重点问题。二是针对中国地大物博、自然条件复杂、地域发展不平衡的实际情况,分区域制定不同改革目标。