基于无人机航摄技术在土地整治项目中的应用研究

针对传统土地整治项目施工监管、后期监测效率不高的问题,本文通过低空无人机航摄和PhotoScan软件后期处理,对比生成的正射影像图和Google earth卫星图的分辨率和位置,发现该影像图能精准、高效的表征项目区影像数据变化,从而得到一种可用于土地整治项目各阶段动态观测的简单、快捷方法。     

紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究

对蔚县苜蓿根颈冻害后切除冻伤部分处理的比较研究结果表明,处理区的根颈苗数、地上高度、地上生物量、分蘖丛数是对照区的1.6～2倍;处理区苜蓿的各个数量指标的b值大于对照处理苜蓿b值,说明除冻害根颈后苜蓿的生长比不除冻害根颈部分的苜蓿生长更为合理。通过除去苜蓿冻害部位,防止根系继续腐烂,保护了未冻害部分,增加了苜蓿发芽的有效部位。同时,使根系与地面的距离变短或露出地面,增加光照强度,提高地温,促使未冻害苜蓿根系发芽,返青提前增加产量。     

Aerial seed germination and morphological characteristics of juvenile seedlings in Commelina benghalensis L.

Seed germination, seedling emergence, and the morphological characteristics of juvenile seedlings of Commelina benghalensis L. were observed. For aerial seeds collected in September and October, seedling emergence peaked in April and June for large seeds and from June to August for small seeds, whereas seedling emergence for large seeds collected in November showed peaks in March and April under natural rainfall conditions, and in April and June under irrigation conditions. Seedlings from small seeds emerged intermittently over a longer period from April to August under both conditions. Aerial seeds of C. benghalensis germinated on wet filter paper on the second day after seeding (DAS) for large seeds and the fourth DAS for small seeds. The germination percentage for large seeds was higher than that for small seeds by the 14th DAS. The germination percentage for large aerial seeds showed no significant difference between light and dark conditions. However, the percentage for small aerial seeds was higher under light than under dark conditions. Seedlings from large aerial seeds emerged on the third DAS at 0–50 mm soil depths. The percentage of emergence at 0 and 1 mm soil depths increased until the 30th DAS, whereas those at soil depths of 5–50 mm showed no change after the 9th DAS. There was no emergence at a soil depth of 100 mm. Seedlings from small aerial seeds emerged on the 6th DAS at 0–1 mm soil depths, with the percentage increasing until the 30th DAS. Although seedlings at 5 and 10 mm soil depths also emerged on the 6th DAS, there was no change in the percentage after the 12th DAS. There was no emergence at soil depths of 20–100 mm. The hypocotyl and taenia (part of the cotyledon connected to the seed) in juvenile seedlings that emerged from soil depths of 50 mm were longer than those in seedlings emerging from a soil depth of 1 mm.     

Evaluation of the pattern of spray released from a moving multicopter

BACKGROUND

Multicopters are used for releasing particulates seeds, fertilizer and spray. Their low cost and high manoeuvrability make them attractive for spraying in steep terrain and areas where overspray is undesirable. This article describes a model of multicopter wake and its influence on particulate dispersion, which is computationally economical compared to many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, yet retains reasonable accuracy.

RESULTS

A model was successfully implemented in OpenFOAM . It features source terms for the rotor wash, Lagrangian particle tracking, an evaporation model, and a porous medium approach to model the effect of the ground vegetation. Predictions were validated against the field tests of Richardson et al. which used a DJI Agras MG-1 multicopter in three different flights with airspeeds of 3.2–4.9 m s⁻¹, ground speeds of 2.1–2.9 m s⁻¹ and cross-wind speeds of 0.04–2.2 m s⁻¹. The effective swath width (30% line separation) was predicted to within one standard deviation. Sensitivity to a rotor rotational speed, flight height, flight velocity, multicopter roll and yaw angles, surface roughness length, plant height and leaf density was checked.

CONCLUSION

In all flight trials, the modelled swath was closest to the experimentally obtained swath when the surface roughness of the fetch was equal to 0.5 m (bushes) and the rotational speed of all rotors was equal to 2475 rpm with 0.75R (0.2 m) tall plant canopy (grass) introduced to the model. The model showed acceptable validity for flight velocities of ≤2.8–5 m s⁻¹ when flight parameters can be approximately estimated. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

OPTIMAL DESIGN WITH WHOLE STRUCTURE PARAMETERS OF LOWER PART OF HUGE EXCAVATOR

A optimal design with whole structure parameters and its program are carried out. A reasonable model is established. Using the method a optimal design with whole structure parameters by original parameters of American P&H2300xp excavator was calculated. The size,carried out by the method,approximates to the size of P&H2300xp excavator very well.     

基于迁移学习的无人机影像耕地信息提取方法

随着精准农业技术的发展,对农作物用地信息快速、准确提取的需求越来越高。同时,无人机技术以其方便、高效、具有低空云下飞行能力等优势被广泛应用于自然资源的调查中。但无人机影像普遍光谱信息较为匮乏,因此很难准确、快速地提取出耕地信息。基于此,提出了一种利用迁移学习机制的耕地提取方法(TLCLE)。首先,利用深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)剔除线状地物(道路、田埂等),然后,通过引入迁移学习机制将DCNN特征训练过程中得到的特征提取方法迁移到耕地提取中,最后,将所提方法与利用易康(e Cognition)软件进行耕地提取(ECLE)结果进行对比。研究结果表明:对于实验影像1、2,TLCLE方法耕地提取总体精度分别为91.9%、88.1%,ECLE方法总体精度分别为90.3%、88.3%,2种方法提取精度相当,在保证耕地地块完整、连续性上TLCLE方法优于ECLE方法。     

花生收获机传动系统的运动机理分析与参数优化

通过对4H-2型花生收获机传动系统的运动机理分析,得到了该收获机传动部件的运动规律以及传动部件中主要参数的关系表达式。以提高作业质量、延长机具寿命、简化结构布局、确保动力传动的高效可靠为目标,建立了传动机构的优化模型。利用Matlab等相关软件,对4H-2型花生收获机的传动机构进行了优化分析,确定了主要杆件的尺寸,提高了4H-2型花生收获机的性能与工作可靠性,降低了造价。     

曹娥江上游支流水环境容量的研究

本文针对我国东部地区典型河流-曹娥江的污染现状，选其上游支流长昭水库至南津桥河段进行了水环境容量研究，根据该河段的水流特性和水文、污染源的调查资料及水质实测资料，应用数学模型，分段研究了该河段各月的水环境容量。结果表明：该河段局部水质污染严重，水环境容量所剩无几。本项目的研究为实施污染物总量控制提供基础资料，为曹娥江流域水污染控制的管理和决策提供了科学依据。     

旱地驱动耙工作部件运动学分析及动态仿真

对旱地驱动耙的工作部件—刀齿进行运动分析。建立运动学模型及仿真模型，探讨了主要参数对耕作过程的影响，为旱地驱动耙的设计和分析提供理论依据。     

溢洪道消能问题及水工模型试验方法研究

溢洪道是保证水库泄洪能力的重要设施,因其泄下的高速水流具有很强的冲击力,所以其消能问题备受关注。介绍目前工程中常用的几种消能方法,阐述利用水工模型进行试验研究的理论基础,以期为溢洪道消能问题的研究提供参考。