Nearshore fish assemblages associated with introduced predatory fishes in lakes

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镉对紫花苜蓿种子萌发等生理特性的影响

以阿尔冈金(Algonquin)和新疆大叶(M.sativa L.cv.xinjiangdaye)种子为试验材料,研究了0～5mg/L浓度的Cd2 处理对其种子生理特性的影响.结果表明:低浓度和高浓度的Cd2 对二者种子的发芽势和发芽率均有抑制作用,而中同浓度却有促进作用,呈现"下降-回升-下降"的现象;发芽指数和活力指数.均随着Cd2 浓度的增大而下降;与对照相比,随Cd2 处理浓度的增大,阿尔冈金和新疆大叶的下胚轴、根长、苗长、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重都随之降低,但新疆大叶降低的幅度更大一些;随着Cd2 处理浓度的升高,阿尔冈金和新疆大叶的脯氨酸、电解质泄漏率、丙二醛(MDA)含量都随之增大;但在同浓度的Cd2 处理下:幼苗叶片中的脯氨酸含量:新疆大叶＞阿尔冈金;电解质泄漏率:新疆大叶＜阿尔冈金;丙二醛(MDA):新疆大叶＜阿尔冈金.试验表明,优良牧草紫花苜蓿的两个品种中,阿尔冈金对Cd2 胁迫的耐受能力要强于新疆大叶.     

不同播种方式下苜蓿与无芒雀麦人工草地的小气候特征分析

为指导北方地区人工草地的建植和调控,以不同播种方式的2a生人工草地的头茬草为试验对象,采用田间测定小气候要素的方法,研究了紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L．cv．Algonquin）与无芒雀麦（Bromus innermis Leyss cv．Carlton）在同行混播（TH）、间行混播（JH）和单播（单播紫花苜蓿DM,单播无芒雀麦DW）方式下草地群体的小气候特征。结果表明,在紫花苜蓿处于初花期、无芒雀麦处于孕穗期时,群体内部光照强度和风速均为：单播无芒雀麦〉同行混播、间行混播〉单播紫花苜蓿;温度：单播无芒雀麦〉单播紫花苜蓿〉同行混播、间行混播;相对湿度：同行混播、间行混播〉单播紫花苜蓿〉单播无芒雀麦;浅层地温为单播无芒雀麦明显偏高,其余差异不大。株高是影响田间小气候的关键因素,不同播种方式下平均株高与0cm、20cm和40cm处平均光照强度均呈极显著的负相关（r0cm=-0．973,r20cm=-0．994,r40cm=-0．973,r0.01=0．959）,与30cm和60cm处平均风速负相关也达到极显著水平（r30cm=-0．959,r60cm=-0．973）。单播无芒雀麦由于氮素养分缺乏而植株矮小,群体光截获少,光能利用率低;单播紫花苜蓿群体光截获量最大,基部光照已处于光补偿点,下部叶片净光合速率开始下降;同行混播和间行混播群体下部光照强度适宜,群体保持较高的光合速率,并最终形成了较高的草产量。     

Prevalence of the Bacterium Coxiella burnetii in Wild Rodents from a Canadian Natural Environment Park

Zoonotic diseases impact both wild and domestic animal populations and can be transmitted to humans through close contact with animal species. Reservoir species acting as vectors are major traffickers of disease. Rodents contribute to the transmission of Coxiella burnetii although little is known about its prevalence in wild animal populations. DNA was extracted from genital swabs collected from woodland jumping mice, deer mice, Southern red‐backed voles, Eastern chipmunks, North American red squirrels, as well as Southern and Northern flying squirrels collected from Algonquin Park, Canada. The presence of C. burnetii was determined through real‐time PCR. All species sampled had some prevalence of infection, except Eastern chipmunks, indicating wild rodents in Algonquin Park are reservoirs for C. burnetii. Emerging zoonotic diseases are linked to increasing globalization. Contact amongst individuals increases as crowding, habitat loss and fragmentation increase within wild spaces. Parks often act as a last refuge for wildlife but may also be an important transmission zone of wildlife disease to humans. Investigations that attempt to discover wild reservoir species of zoonotic disease are critically important to understanding the risk of pathogen exchange between wild and human populations.