生长素和缩节胺对棉花生长发育及产量的影响

通过对生长素（IAA）和缩节胺（DPC）在棉花上使用方法的研究,发现IAA能显著促进棉株生长,DPC则能有效地抑制棉株生长。IAA和DPC对塑造棉花理想株型有显著作用,若使用方法得当则能获得增产。IAA和DPC的最佳使用方法为苗期喷施IAA100mg／L和初花期喷施DPC50mg／L。     

Effects of adjuvants on the performance of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

The effects of adjuvants on the performance of a dispersible concentrate formulation (DCI) of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (I) were investigated. The method involved assessment, under glasshouse conditions, of the therapeutic (curative) control of infections of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. hordei Marchal) on barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) eight to nine days after spray application to plants that had been inoculated one day prior to spraying. The results from the first trial showed that marked improvements (∽five-fold) in the performance of DCI could be obtained by the spray tank addition of some types of surfactant adjuvants and a series of further trials investigating a wide range of adjuvants was conducted. Nonylphenol, alkylamine and alcohol ethoxylates varying in mean ethylene oxide content between 5 and 20 moles were highly effective. There were indications that optimum performance enhancements were obtained with these surfactants containing between 5 and 10 moles ethylene oxide. Lower enhancements, sometimes only marginal, were obtained from trisiloxane, phosphate ester, propylene oxide, alkylamine-propylene oxide and castor oil ethoxylates and also alkyl polyglucoside biosurfactants. Negligible adjuvant enhancements were observed with emulsifiable paraffinic/naphthenic and rape seed oils, though slightly better enhancements were seen with an emulsifiable transmethylated rape seed oil and, interestingly, larger enhancements with an emulsifiable lipophilic alcohol. A final trial identified the alcohol ethoxylate, ‘Dobanol’ 91-6, as the most effective adjuvant and that its optimum application rate under glasshouse conditions was 250 g ha^-1. This information will be used to guide the design of field trials. © 1997 SCI     

呋虫胺和哌虫啶对哈密瓜烟粉虱的防治效果

为筛选出防治烟粉虱的新型杀虫剂,以烟粉虱为防治对象,以倍内威为对照,测定新型杀虫剂呋虫胺和哌虫啶对烟粉虱的田间防治效果,以筛选适宜的药剂及其有效浓度。结果表明:3种杀虫剂中,呋虫胺1 500倍液对烟粉虱防治效果最好,具有速效、持效期长、防效稳定等特点;其次是倍内威1 000倍液,整个防治过程中其对烟粉虱的相对防效都在80%以上,效果较好;哌虫啶1 000倍液、1 500倍液、2 000倍液防治烟粉虱效果较差。在防治药剂选择上,可以采取倍内威和呋虫胺交替使用,防止倍内威加速抗药性的产生;哌虫啶不建议生产上作为防治烟粉虱的药剂。     

Sensitivity of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei to morpholine and piperidine fungicides

Responses to a piperidine fungicide, fenpropidin, and to a morpholine, fenpropimorph, of single-colony isolates of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, collected in eastern Scotland and England in 1988, were strongly correlated. All isolates could be classified as sensitive (S) or resistant (R) to these fungicides. There was comparatively little variation in sensitivity to a second morpholine, tridemorph. Responses to tridemorph were weakly correlated with responses to fenpropidin and fenpropimorph. The levels of resistance detected were low in relation to recommended field application rates of the fungicides. Four R isolates, from north-east Scotland, had lower sensitivities to fenpropimorph and tridemorph than others in the R group, but showed similar sensitivities to fenpropidin. R isolates were frequent in Scotland, from Midlothian north to Moray, where the highly mildew-susceptible variety Golden Promise was widely grown, but were not found in England. The pattern of race-specific virulences of R and S isolates indicates that resistance to fenpropidin and fenpropimorph evolved several times, and therefore suggests that the same gene(s) causes resistance to both chemicals.     

From synthetic control to natural products: a focus on N‐heterocycles

Natural products containing a N‐heterocycle motif are widespread in nature and medicinal plants, in particular, have proved to be a source of almost unlimited N‐derived structures with high molecular diversity. Because of their intrinsic potential for use in both biomedical and agricultural applications, there is a general need for new compounds and for the synthesis of ‘natural‐inspired’ analogues. Importantly, transition of a natural product from discovery to a ‘market lead’ is associated with an increasingly challenging demand for more of the compound, which cannot be met by isolation from natural plant sources, often due to low extraction yields and uneven availability of the plant source itself. Synthesis remains the most reliable approach to provide valuable products for the market. In this review, a comprehensive overview of our contribution to synthetic access to N‐derived natural products is given. Major strengths of the proposed methodologies are discussed critically. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

含哌啶噻唑结构的乙酰氨基衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

为了寻找高效的杀菌活性物质,以哌啶噻唑结构为母体,甘氨酸为连接基团,通过重氮化、氯化、成环和缩合等步骤合成了14个含哌啶噻唑结构的乙酰氨基衍生物,通过核磁共振氢谱 (1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)及高分辨质谱 (HRMS)对化合物的结构进行确证。初步杀菌活性测定结果表明:甘氨酸作为连接基团对化合物杀菌活性的提高具有积极影响,其中,化合物 7a 、 7c 和 7g 在25 mg/L剂量下对黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑制率为68.7%、71.6%和67.2%,化合物 7a 、 7g 和 7i 对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制率分别为50.8%、61.9% 和55.8%。