植物生长调节剂在中药材栽培上的应用

植物生长调节剂是人工合成的具有植物激素活性的一类化学物质,一般分为植物生长促进剂、植物生长延缓剂和植物生长抑制剂3类。笔者总结了植物生长调节剂在中药材栽培上的应用,归纳为促进生长发育、矮化植株并提高抗逆性、增加中药材产量、提高有效成分含量4个方面,进而简要分析了植物生长调节剂的作用机理;探讨了植物生长调节剂施用不当可能降低中药材活性成分含量、导致残留危害、影响中药材栽培环境等问题。并提出,从对药材质量的影响、检测方法与技术的开发、使用规范和残留限量标准的完善等方面开展进一步的研究,以期为科学使用植物生长调节剂提供依据,为促进中药材种植产业健康发展、保障中药用药安全提供参考。     

Comparison of methods to assess dog owners' therapeutic compliance

Objective To compare different methods for assessing the compliance of veterinary clients administering medication to their dogs.
Procedure Thirty-one owners whose dogs were prescribed amoxycillin-clavulanate, twice and thrice daily, for a duration of five to seven days were recruited from three Sydney veterinary hospitals. Compliance was assessed by electronic monitoring devices, return medication counts, client self-reports and veterinarians' estimation of likely compliance.
Results Electronic monitoring showed owners administered on average 84% (range 7 to 104%) of prescribed medication to their dogs. Both return medication counts and client self-reports tended to overestimate therapeutic compliance when compared with electronic monitoring. When questioned, the majority of owners (71%) claimed perfect compliance with the prescribed regimen. No correlation was found between veterinarians' estimates of owner compliance and that assessed electronically.
Conclusion Electronic monitoring provided valuable information on dose timing and variation, but proved costly and difficult to employ in veterinary practice. Simplicity and low cost of return medication counts makes this method attractive for use in veterinary compliance studies. Client self-reports reliably detected some noncompliers and permitted identification of individual problems or errors. For practical purposes a combination of return medication counts and client self-reports may have merit in future veterinary compliance studies.     

Vertical Frontlimb Ground Reaction Forces of Sound and Lame Warmbloods Differ From Those in Quarter Horses

Lameness is a highly prevalent condition in horses and is the principal cause of removal from athletic activity in this species. In evidence-based veterinary medicine studies to evaluate non-setoidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapies, force plates are commonly used to objectively assess improvement of lameness. The objective of this study was to determine whether breed differences would influence force plate measurements in sound and lame riding horses. Force plate measurements of lame (n = 20) and sound (n = 18) Warmblood and lame (n = 15) and sound (n = 8) Quarter Horses were compared. Lameness was visually scored using the grade 0–5 American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) lameness scale. Trotting sound Warmbloods loaded their frontlimbs with 118% body weight (BW) and their hindlimbs with 96% BW, whereas Quarter Horses only used 101% BW in the front and 92% BW in the hindlimbs (P < .05). Furthermore, it appeared and was estimated that, at trot, front-limb-lame Warmblood horses showed higher peak vertical force (PVF) values (grade 2: 89% BW; grade 3: 69% BW), than front-limb-lame Quarter Horses with similar lameness scores (grade 2: 78% BW; grade 3: 66% BW). In conclusion, peak vertical forces (PVF expressed in % BW) of either lame or sound horses seem to be influenced by breed differences between Warmblood and Quarter Horse riding horses. Possible conformation and gait differences enabled trotting Quarter Horses to demonstrate lower absolute PVF values than Warmbloods, whereas trotting lame Warmbloods showed a relatively larger decrease in frontlimb loading and thus in PVF than lame Quarter Horses at a trot. Thus, in studies in which objective lameness observations are recorded, breed differences should be taken into account when specific grades of lameness of a group of horses are to be objectively compared with another group.     

车轮虫病防治药物及安全性研究进展

车轮虫病(Trichodiniasis)是由车轮虫(Trichodina)寄生在水生动物体表、腮等部位,造成机械性损伤,引起细菌、病毒感染或其他类型并发症的统称。针对目前车轮虫病标准性药物应用较少,非标准性用药缺乏理论支持的乱象,本文从车轮虫分类学研究、流行病学调查等基础理论研究现状入手,系统地梳理了该病各类防治药物及其安全性研究进展,分析认为中草药防治是其药物研发的一个较好方向,并就此提出了相关建议。     

我国宠物用药现状与思考

通过对我国宠物医院大量的用药现场考察,对当前宠物药品使用现状进行了总结,分析了宠物药品使用存在问题及原因,并提出相关对策.     

基于数据挖掘技术探讨中医治疗肺癌放疗患者的用药规律

目的 探讨中医治疗肺癌放疗患者的用药规律。方法 检索中国知网数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、PubMed数据库公开发表的治疗肺癌放疗患者的中药处方,运用频次分析、聚类分析、关联规则分析方法对收集的处方进行数据挖掘,分析其用药规律。结果 共收集到处方70张,涉及176味中药,使用频次共计890次;使用频次≥9的药物共32味;使用频次前三位的单味中药是黄芪、甘草、麦冬;使用频次前三位的药类是补虚药、清热药、化痰止咳平喘药;对32味药物进行聚类分析和关联规则分析,得出2个有效聚类群和13组药对,以补气药和滋阴药配伍为主,辅以补血活血、化痰止咳药。结论 治疗肺癌放疗患者的中药处方以补益药、清热药和止咳药为主,治法以益气养阴、清肺止咳为主。