高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪毛中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪毛中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的方法。猪毛样品用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶解后,用0.1 mol/L HCl溶液调节pH值至7.0,经乙腈提取后用UPLCMS/MS进行分析。分析时采用Waters BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以0.10%甲酸水/甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正电子(ESI~+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法进行定量。结果表明:盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶标准溶液在1.0~50μg/L范围内,峰面积与含量呈线性相关。盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的检出限均为0.20μg/kg,样品中添标平均回收率在85%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

Perineal analgesic actions of epidural clonidine in cattle

Objective To determine the analgesic, sedative, motor, cardiac and respiratory effects of epidural clonidine in cattle. Study design Prospective randomized study. Animal population Six healthy male cattle weighing between 236 and 365 kg. Methods To investigate the effect of epidural clonidine, the animals received 2 and 3 µg kg^?1 of clonidine diluted to 8 mL with 0.9% saline. Two treatments were utilized as controls. The animals from the first control treatment received 2% lidocaine (0.4 mg kg^?1) and those from the second received an equal volume of 0.9% saline. Each animal received each treatment in random order. Evaluations of analgesia, sedation, muscle relaxation, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were obtained at 0 (basal), 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after epidural injection, and then at 30‐minute intervals until loss of analgesia occurred. All the animals received a standard noxious stimulus consisting of needle insertion into the skin and deep muscle; a 4‐point scale was used to score the response. A second scale was used to score sedation and a third for muscle relaxation. Results Both doses of clonidine were effective in producing analgesia of the tail, perineum, and upper hindlimb. Complete analgesia was present before (mean ± SE = 9 ± 4 vs. 19 ± 9 minutes) and lasted longer (311 ± 33 vs. 192 ± 27 minutes) for the 3 µg kg^?1versus the 2 µg kg^?1 dose, respectively. A dose‐dependent sedative effect of clonidine was also observed, with a peak effect between 60 and 180 minutes. No effects on heart or respiratory rates were observed with either dose of clonidine. Conclusions Epidural administration of 2 and 3 µg kg^?1 of clonidine in cattle in this study provided bilateral perineal analgesia/anesthesia with a dose‐dependent onset and duration of action. Clinical relevance Further studies are required to determine whether the analgesia is sufficient for surgery.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱法-串联质谱法同时检测猪组织中赛庚啶及可乐定残留量

建立了Qu ECh ERS前处理结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测猪组织中赛庚啶和可乐定残留量的方法。猪肉样品添加0.5 g C18粉,猪肝和猪肾样品添加3.0 g硫酸镁和2.0 g氯化钠,再分别加入10 m L 0.1%甲酸乙腈进行提取,提取液经浓缩后采用LC-MS/MS进行检测,内标法定量。该方法线性关系良好,猪肉、猪肝和猪肾中赛庚啶和可乐定在1~50μg/kg浓度范围内加标回收率分别为62%~112%和106%~121%,相对标准偏差均10%,方法检出限为0.5μg/kg。方法灵敏度高,选择性好,可作为猪组织中赛庚啶和可乐定残留量检测的确证方法。     

可乐定对生长猪胴体组成的影响及其作用机理探讨

60头"杜长大"三元杂交生长猪,按饲养试验要求分为2组,分别饲以添加0,0.50 mg/kg可乐定的相同饲粮,试验期为43 d.结果表明:在饲粮中添加可乐定能明显改变猪的胴体组成,使瘦肉率和眼肌面积分别提高了5.29%(P＜0.01)和8.41%(P＜0.01),脂肪比率和背膘厚分别降低了9.53%(P＜0.01)和10.34%(P＜0.05),背最长肌、股二头肌、股四头肌重量分别增加了13.77%(P＜0.01)、11.11%(P＜0.05)和8.93%(P＜0.05);使血清中GH和IGF-1水平升高(P＜0.05),尿素氮和甘油三酯浓度降低(P＜0.05),游离脂肪酸浓度上升(P＜0.05);使皮下脂肪组织中苹果酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活力下降(P＜0.01),而激素敏感脂酶活力增高(P＜0.05).     

Comparative study of epidural xylazine or clonidine in horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory and behavioural effects of epidural xylazine (XYL) or clonidine (CLO) in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Blinded, randomized experimental study. ANIMALS: Twelve healthy Arabian yearling horses weighing 117-204 kg were randomly allocated into two groups: XYL (n = 6) and CLO (n = 6). METHODS: An epidural catheter was inserted and a facial arterial catheter was placed and the next day the horses were restrained in stocks. Baseline values for heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates, arterial pressure and behavioural responses were evaluated before (T0) and 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after epidural injection (T10-T120). The horses received 0.2 mg kg(-1) of XYL or 5 microg kg(-1) CLO; adjusted to (3.4 + (body weight in kg x 0.013) mL with saline. Data were analysed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way anova with repeated measures, and one-way anova followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls test or Fisher's exact test, as necessary. Significance was set at p < or = 0.05. RESULTS: Sedation and ataxia were seen at T10, persisting until T120 in four and three horses, respectively, in XYL and all horses in CLO respectively. Two XYL and one CLO horses became recumbent at T45 and T25 respectively. Penile prolapse occurred in four of five males at T30 and T45, in the XYL and CLO groups, respectively, resolving by T120. Tail relaxation was present from T10 to T120 in all horses in XYL and in four horses in CLO. Head drop was observed from T20 to T60 and from T10 to T120 in XYL and CLO respectively. Respiratory rate decreased significantly only at T45 in the CLO group. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure remained stable. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Epidural CLO and XYL produce similar cardiorespiratory and behavioural changes but neither would be safe to use clinically at the doses used in this study.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪尿液中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪尿中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的分析方法。样品用高氯酸溶液酸解及沉淀蛋白质,用乙酸乙酯-异丙醇提取,经MCX固相萃取小柱净化、富集后,采用Venusil MP C18色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,3μm),以0.1%甲酸(体积分数,下同)5%乙腈水溶液和0.1%甲酸95%乙腈水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量分析。盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶在1.0～100.0μg.L-1的范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 5)。在0.2、2.0、10.0μg.L-1添加水平下的回收率为83.5%～95.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.5%～8.7%,定量限(以信噪比>10计)为0.2μg.L-1。该方法精密度好,灵敏度高,能简便准确地测定猪尿中的盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶。     

高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定猪肝中可乐定和赛庚啶

建立了高效液相色谱—串联质谱法检测猪肝中可乐定和赛庚啶的分析方法。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解,高氯酸溶液沉淀蛋白质,用乙酸乙酯—异丙醇提取,经MCX固相萃取小柱净化、富集后,采用Venusil MP C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）,以0.1%甲酸（体积分数,下同）5%乙腈水溶液和01%甲酸95%乙腈水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测（MRM）模式进行定性和定量分析。可乐定和赛庚啶在10～1000 ng·mL-1的范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.9994）。在0.2,2.0,10.0 μg·kg-1添加水平下的回收率为83.5%～92.3%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为4.2%～9.3%,定量限（以信噪比>10计）为0.2 μg·kg-1。该方法精密度好,灵敏度高,能简便地准确测定猪肝中的可乐定和赛庚啶。