呋喃妥因代谢物化学发光酶联免疫检测方法的研究

对呋喃妥因代谢物1-氨基乙内酰脲(AHD)进行半抗原改造,采用活化酯法将半抗原与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联为包被原,与标准品竞争AHD单克隆抗体的抗原结合位点,加入辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗鼠二抗,建立了AHD间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫(CLEIA)检测法,并对化学发光液、包被原与抗体最优稀释度、包被条件、封闭液和竞争时间五项参数进行优化。结果表明:该方法具有良好的特异性,IC50为0.753 ng/m L,在鸡肉组织中的检测限为0.028μg/kg,添加回收率在80.54%~102.64%之间,变异系数均小于10%。与国标中液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)和我国出入境行业标准中酶联免疫检测法(ELISA)相比,不仅降低了检测限,而且操作简便,为动物源性食品中呋喃妥因代谢物的残留提供了准确、便捷的分析检测手段。     

转基因棉对棉蚜生长发育及其主要代谢物质含量的影响

近年来,转基因棉田非靶标害虫种群数量呈明显的上升趋势,棉蚜是转Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因棉田发生危害较严重的非靶标刺吸性害虫之一.在实验室内,棉蚜分别用转Bt基因棉和亲本常规棉饲养40代以上,采用酶联免疫法( ELISA)检测转Bt基因棉SGK321上棉蚜体内的Bt蛋白含量,研究转Bt基因...     

高等植物同化物的装载

本文简要综述了同化物向韧皮部装载的两种途径:质外体途径和共质体途径。一个比较合理的装载模式是载体和ATP酶参加的蔗糖—质子共运输模式。蔗糖浓度、生长调节物质、矿质元素和外界环境条件等对装载都有影响。     

呋喃唑酮代谢物人工抗原的合成及抗体的制备

为改进和完善免疫检测呋喃唑酮代谢物方法,制备了抗呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)特异性抗体.采用对醛基苯甲酸对AOZ进行衍生化得到CPAOZ,还原CPAOZ结构中的C=N双键得到半抗原,半抗原用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化酯法与BSA偶联制备免疫原,免疫新西兰大白兔制得特异性抗体,采用间接(竞争)ELISA法评价抗血清效价及特异性.结果显示,试验获得了较高效价(1∶1280000)的抗AOZ血清,AOZ半抑制浓度为5.9 ng/mL;抗血清与结构类似物呋喃它酮代谢物的交叉反应率仅为0.76％,与呋喃妥因代谢物和呋喃西林代谢物无交叉反应;利用该抗体建立的间接竞争ELISA检测法,AOZ在1～27 ng/mL与抑制率呈线性关系.结果表明,该特抗体虽然灵敏度较低,却对AOZ而非AOZ衍生物有特异性,可为畜产品中AOZ残留检测提供新的思路和方法.     

Metabolite profiling of the response to high-nitrogen fertilizer during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality.     

Molecular characterization and marker based chemotaxonomic studies of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle

Detailed chemical studies and RAPD analysis were done in different populations of Podophyllum hexandrum collected from high altitude regions of North Western Himalayas. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among the 12 collected accessions, attributed to their geographical and climatic conditions. HPLC analysis also revealed variation in the concentration of two major marker compounds which lead to the identification of a chemotype. The study demonstrated that RAPD and chemical markers are very useful tools to compare the genetic relationship and pattern of variation among such prioritized and endangered medicinal plants.     

Metabolic profiling and analysis of volatile composition of durum wheat semolina and pasta

Although pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria). Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar employed.     

内生真菌AL12对茅苍术代谢产物器官分配的影响(英文)

[目的]研究内生真菌孔球孢霉AL12号菌株对茅苍术组培苗生长及其代谢产物器官分配的影响。[方法]将内生真菌AL12与茅苍术组培苗进行共培养,比较感染前后茅苍术叶、根重量差异,检测接种AL12的组培苗中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素以及可溶性糖在叶片和根中的分布,并利用气相色谱分析挥发油组分。[结果]茅苍术与AL12共生后,与对照组相比,其组培苗叶片和根的鲜重和干重均有明显增加,且叶片木质素和可溶性糖含量增加,根部纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、可溶性糖及挥发油含量均有提高。[结论]该研究结果表明与AL12共生有利于茅苍术根部发育且能促使药用成分向根中转移、积累。     

5种虫生拟青霉高产VE菌株的筛选及优化

[目的]为从真菌中开发利用天然VE提供一定的科学依据和参考。[方法]用紫外分光光度法测定5种虫生拟青霉中天然VE的含量,采用正交试验对细脚拟青霉进行高产VE培养基的优化。[结果]细脚拟青霉中的天然VE含量最高;所得优化的培养基碳源为甘露糖,氮源为尿素,微量元素为铁,pH值自然。[结论]该研究中的真菌资源具有开发脂溶性物质的极大潜力。     

Metabolite profiling of colored rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains

HPLC analysis of dehulled red, black and non-colored indica and japonica rice subspecies revealed significant differences in the contents of the anthocyanins cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside. The rice materials were subjected to a comparative capillary gas chromatography-based metabolite profiling approach. The employed extraction and fractionation protocol enables the analysis of a broad spectrum of lipophilic and hydrophilic low molecular weight constituents from different chemical classes. The method covers not only primary metabolites (e.g. sugars, fatty acids) but also nutritionally relevant constituents (e.g. α-tocopherol, γ-aminobutyric acid). Statistical assessment of the data via principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering revealed a distinct grouping of the different colored rice subspecies on the basis of their metabolite profiles. Compared to non-colored and red rice, black rice exhibited, in particular, higher levels of fatty acid methyl esters, free fatty acids, organic acids and amino acids.