不同种类杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的药效评价

通过室内测定和田间药效试验，评价了有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、昆虫生长调节剂、苯基吡唑类、抗生素及植物性农药等７大类杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的效应，结果表明，毒死蜱、保得、万灵及抑太保对斜纹夜蛾具有优良的防效，可作为首选杀虫剂进行交替使用     

1.2%苦·烟乳油防治青海云杉梢斑螟的药效试验

应用1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油混合进行喷烟防治青海云杉梢斑螟幼虫,结果表明1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油的配比在1：9以上,用药量13.3ml hm-2以上进行喷烟防治,梢斑螟的虫口减退率可达85%以上,最高可达90%。     

不同种类杀虫剂对小菜蛾的防治效果

通过室内测定和田间药效试验,对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、昆虫生长调节剂、抗生素等９大类１９种杀虫剂防治小菜蛾的效果进行了评价。结果表明,有１４种常用杀虫剂对杭州地区小菜蛾的防效不理想,虫螨光、锐劲特、除尽、Ｂｔ和宝路等５种杀虫剂具有优良的防效,可作为首选药剂在生产上推广使用。     

2.5%保得乳油对小麦蚜虫控制作用的研究

对不同剂量的2.5%保得乳油防治麦蚜的效果进行了评价。结果表明,2.5%保得乳油施用有效成分为7.50、6.25g/hm2时,其防效均极显著优于对照药剂处理的防效,持效期达7d以上,对小麦生长安全无害。     

High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

Background

In 2013 a Technology Adoption Program for sheep farmers was established to encourage the implementation of best management practices on sheep farms in Ireland. There were 4,500 participants in this programme in 2013. As part of this programme, farmers had the option to carry out a drench test to establish the efficacy of their anthelmintic treatment.

Results

Flock faecal samples were collected before and after treatment administration and gastrointestinal nematode eggs enumerated. In total there were 1,893 participants in the task, however only 1,585 included both a pre- and post-treatment faecal sample. Of those, 1,308 provided information on the anthelmintic product that they used with 46%, 23% and 28% using a benzimidazole (BZ), levamisole (LEV) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) product respectively. The remaining farmers used a product inapplicable for inclusion in the task such as a flukicide or BZ/LEV combination product. Samples were included for analysis of drench efficacy if the pre-treatment flock egg count was ≥200 eggs per gram and the interval post-sampling was 10–14 days for BZ products, 4–7 days for LEV products and 14–18 days for ML products. These criteria reduced the number of valid tests to 369, 19.5% of all tests conducted. If the reduction post-treatment was ≥95% the treatment was considered effective. Only 51% of treatments were considered effective using this criterion. There was a significant difference in efficacy between the anthelmintic drug classes with BZ effective in only 30% of treatments, LEV effective in 52% of cases and ML effective in 76% of cases.

Conclusions

Gastrointestinal nematode anthelmintic treatments, as practiced on Irish farms, have a high failure rate. There was a significant difference between the efficacies of the anthelmintic classes with BZ the least effective and ML the most effective.     

迈士通防除草地黄帚橐吾的研究

应用迈士通除草剂对草地黄帚橐吾Ligularia virgaurea进行了防除试验,结果表明,迈士通有效量500ml/hm2对草地黄帚橐吾的防除效果明显高于375ml/hm2和437.50ml/hm2两个剂量,安全性较好。从安全、高效的角度考虑,最适宜的用量为500ml/hm2。因此,可以作为防除黄帚橐吾的有效药剂推广使用。     

The efficacy of a single intraperitoneal injection of either flumequine or oxytetracycline hydrochloride in prevention of outbreaks of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris L., following stress.

In this investigation, the efficacy of a single intraperitonealinjection of either flumequine or oxytetracycline hydrochloride to preventoutbreak of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection ingoldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris, following stresswas studied. Six groups of goldsinny wrasse, each of 50 individuals, weretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of either propylene glycol : saline(50 : 50), 200 mg kg^–1 of oxytetracycline or 50mg kg^–1 of flumequine dissolved in propyleneglycol : saline (50 : 50). Three days following medication the fish in allgroups were stressed by an intraperitoneal injection of prednisolone acetate(0.05 ml) and a rise in seawater temperature from 9 to 11°C. Mortality was observed daily for 21 days. Flumequine wasthe more effective with a mean cumulative mortality of 5% compared tooxytetracycline with 54%. The mean cumulative mortality in the unmedicatedcontrol groups was 84%. Bacterial examination of kidneys from dead fishconfirmed the presence of atypical A. salmonicida as theprobable cause of death. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values forflumequine and oxytetracycline against the isolated A.salmonicida were determined to 0.13 gml^–1, and 2.0 g ml^–1,respectively.     

1．6％胺鲜酯对水稻生长影响及增产作用研究

[目的]研究1．6％胺鲜酯对水稻生长和增产作用。[方法]在田间小区试验条件下,研究试验药剂不同使用剂量对水稻生长、增产效果和田间应用安全性。[结果]1．6％胺鲜酯水剂制剂稀释1000—1500倍,连续用药2次,水稻增产率达6．51％以上,与对照药剂相当,对环境和作物安全。[结论]1．6％胺鲜酯水剂是调节水稻生长性状和增产增效较为理想的药剂。     

2种杀菌剂对黄瓜霜霉病田间药效评价

[目的]明确2种药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果.[方法]采用200 g/L NC-224悬乳剂和70％丙森锌（安泰生）可湿性粉剂进行田间防治黄瓜霜霉病药效试验.[结果]200 g/L NC-224悬乳剂有效成分用量100 g/hm2和70％丙森锌（安泰生）可湿性粉剂有效成分用量2 100 g/hm2对黄瓜霜霉病的防效达到75％以上,且对黄瓜安全.[结论]200g/L NC-224悬乳剂和70％丙森锌（安泰生）可湿性粉剂可作为防治黄瓜霜霉病的药剂推广应用.     

几种韭菜田除草剂大田防除效果及其安全性研究

[目的]筛选效果较好的韭菜田除草剂。[方法]通过大田试验研究了5种韭菜田除草剂的防效并评价了其对韭菜的安全性。[结果]对于单子叶杂草的防治效果,10%精喹禾灵EC+特殊助剂的综合防治效果最好,330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、10%乙羧氟草醚EC、56%2甲4氯钠SP较差;对于双子叶植物,除330 g/L二甲戊灵EC外,10%精喹禾灵EC+特殊助剂、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、10%乙羧氟草醚EC、56%2甲4氯钠SP都有较理想的防效,防治效果都可达90%以上。330 g/L二甲戊灵EC对韭菜田整个生长过程没有明显药害产生,其他药剂在使用初期不同程度地产生药害,尤其10%乙羧氟草醚EC产生触杀性药害,造成负的增产率,但药害程度会随韭菜的生长不断减轻。[结论]推荐使用10%精喹禾灵EC+特殊助剂防治韭菜田杂草。