花粉多糖注射剂质量标准中几个项目测定

根据中国药典对注射剂的要求,对花粉多糖的蛋白质、鞣质、树脂、草酸盐、炽灼残渣、钾离子、砷盐、重金属含量进行测定,均符合规定,达到质量标准。     

基于Bloom filter的远程对称差规模估算法

中国的劳伦斯研究从20世纪30年代开始起步，自80年代起走向繁荣。在80年代，劳伦斯笔下的性描写是学者关注的中心，也鼓舞和启发了中国作家对人性的深入探索。90年代之后，中国学者对劳伦斯研究的范围不断扩大，对其创作中的工业文明与大自然的冲突主题、两性关系主题、死亡与再生主题，非理性心理描写、原始主义等问题都进行了深入探究，也对其作品中的象征隐喻手法进行了全面的分析。精神分析、生态批评、比较文学，以及原型批评、解构主义批评、叙事学、伦理学批评等研究方法，都应用于劳伦斯研究，取得了可观的成绩。另一方面，中国的劳伦斯作品翻译良莠不齐，研究的低水平重复、缺乏学术规范现象也十分严重。     

《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》对实现“国家尊重和保障人权”宪法原则的意义

2009年4月13日,国务院新闻办公室发布了《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》。这是以我国政府名义制定的第一个以保障人权为主题的国家层面规划,是一份政府各部门落实＂国家尊重和保障人权＂的宪法原则,推进中国人权事业发展的行动纲领性质的政策文件。本文拟从介绍《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》的出台背景、指导思想、基本原则、主要内容等方面入手,分析该计划出台对实现＂国家尊重和保障人权＂宪法原则的意义。     

Nitrogen turnover and N2O production in the forest floor of beech stands as influenced by forest management

Effects of forest management (thinning) on gross ammonification, net ammonification, net nitrification, microbial biomass, and N₂O production were studied in the forest floor of adjacent untreated control (“C”) and thinned (“T”) plots in three beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in the Swabian Jura (Southern Germany) during three intensive field campaigns in the year 2004. The investigated sites are located less than 1 km apart on the slopes of a narrow valley. Due to different exposure (southwest, northeast, northwest), the three sites are characterized by warm‐dry microclimate (southwest site, SW) and cool‐moist microclimate (northeast site, NE; and northwest site, NW). Measurements at the NW site covered the second year (13 to 20 months) after thinning, and measurements at the SW and NE sites covered the sixth year (61 to 68 months) after thinning. Mean gross ammonification varied insignificantly across the six plots (range: 37.5 ? 31.2 to 51.0 ? 10.5 mg N (kg dry soil)^–1 d^–1). The SW site was characterized by very low net nitrification and nitrate (NO ) concentrations that were not significantly different between control and thinned plot. In contrast, for the thinned plot at the NE site (NET), significantly increased mean net nitrification (2.3 ? 1.2 mg N (kg dry soil)^–1 d^–1 at the NET plot vs. 0.4 ? 0.2 mg N (kg dry soil)^–1 d^–1 at the NEC plot) and mean extractable NO concentrations (43.9 ? 22.8 mg N (kg dry soil)^–1 at the NET plot vs. 4.1 ? 0.8 mg N (kg dry soil)^–1 at the NEC plot) were observed. The differences in net nitrification and NO concentrations across the research plots were related to differences in the forest‐floor C : N ratios: net nitrification increased exponentially below a threshold C : N value of about 25. The results of this study indicate that the forest floor of the warm‐dry SW site is very resistant to N loss triggered by thinning due to high C : N ratios around 30. Under the cool‐moist microclimate of the NE site, a significantly lower C : N ratio of 22.1 at the thinned plot (control plot: 26.7) coincided with significantly increased net nitrification. Thus, different responses of net nitrification to thinning under different microclimate appear to be triggered by different C : N ratios. Nitrous oxide production was mainly governed by forest‐floor water content, and since differences in water content at adjacent control and thinned plots were low, N₂O production was not significantly different between adjacent control and thinned plots.     

Fishing gear effects and ecology of the sea whip (Halipteris willemoesi (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea)) in British Columbia,Canada: preliminary observations

• 1. We conducted a preliminary study of the effects of a shrimp beam trawl and prawn traps on sea whips (Halipteris willemoesi (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea)) at two bays on Clio Channel, south central coast of British Columbia, Canada. Video and grabs surveys were conducted to estimate abundance and make observations on sea whips and their habitat.
• 2. No adult sea whips were caught in six beam trawls. In 600 prawn (Pandalus platyceros) trap sets at Turnour Bay, 30 sea whips were found entangled in the gear and of these 50% of the colonies were damaged. The length of broken sea whips ranged from 0.09 to 1.03 m. At Turnour Bay, the density of adults observed in video surveys ranged from 7.1 to 14.3 m^?2. Juvenile density in grab samples ranged from 53 to 123 m^?2 and a few adults were also caught. The lengths of intact adult sea whips caught in traps and grabs ranged from 0.20 to 1.98 m and juveniles from 0.3 to 0.7 cm.
• 3. Fewer adult sea whips (<0.1 m^?2) were seen in Bones Bay, where sediments were muddier (grain size <0.25 mm: 84.6 to 97.2%) relative to Turnour Bay (grain size <0.25 mm: 71.4 to 85.9%). Bottom water characteristics at the two bays were similar. Seasonal temperature range was 7.5–8.4°C, salinity 30.63–31.49 psu, and dissolved oxygen 2.76–5.97 mg L^?1. Differences in sediment characteristics and food availability may have been a factor influencing differences in abundance of sea whips between the two bays.
• 4. Further data are needed to investigate the effects of trawling and trapping on sea whips, as sample sizes were small in the present study and only two gear types were evaluated. Studies of effects of otter trawling and heavier traps, such as those used for Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), are warranted.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), a tapeworm new to the British Isles: a threat to carp fisheries?

Abstract Khawia sinensis Hsü is recorded for the first time from the British Isles. K. sinensis was recovered from many naturally infected common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and one tench, Tinca tinca (L.) in 18 localities in England. Prevalence ranged from 4.5 to 100% and intensity of infection from one to 51 worms per fish. The worms were identified as Lytocestidae by the medullary arrangement of the vitelline glands and the cortical position of the testes, and as K. sinensis on scolex characteristics and detailed arrangement and measurements of genital organs. No evidence of pathogenicity was observed, although K. sinensis has been reported as a serious pathogen of cyprinids in overseas fisheries. The potential threat of this tapeworm to carp fisheries in England is discussed.     

从Haugen语言规划观分析英国语言规划的历史演变

语言政策作为社会语言学的一个分支,已经成为一个重要的研究领域。本文通过社会语言学家豪根的语言规划的四个步骤,分析了英国语言政策的历史演变,发现了非政府因素在英国语言规划中的突出作用,以及英国政府本身对于语言规划的不作为现象。     

资丘木瓜产地干燥加工方法的研究

[目的]比较产地直接干燥方法和药典加工方法对资丘木瓜药材质量的影响,确定适合资丘木瓜的产地加工方法。[方法]采用直接干燥的加工方法与药典加工方法对资丘木瓜的新鲜果实进行干燥加工,对加工后的药材进行折干率、水分含量、醇溶性浸出物含量、总灰分、酸度、齐墩果酸含量、熊果酸含量的测定比较。[结果]2种加工方法的药材,在外观性状上无明显差异;其折干率、总灰分、酸度之间的差异不显著,而含水量与醇溶性浸出物含量之间存在显著性差异。传统方法加工的药材中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量之和高于药典加工方法,但2种加工方法无显著性差异。[结论]综合能源消耗和干燥效果考虑,资丘木瓜药材产地采用直接干燥的加工方法较为适宜。     

马克思关于农业发展两条道路的思想

马克思的农业发展理论实际上经历了前后两个阶段的变化。早期,马克思强调西欧,特别是英国的经验,将农奴制下的农村公社—自耕小农土地所有制—资本主义雇佣型大农业—社会主义集体合作制大农业的发展序列作为人类社会农业发展的唯一道路。晚年,马克思的农业发展理论发生了转变,特别是对农村公社,以及自耕小农土地所有制和资本主义大农业的发展问题产生了新的认识。他认为农村公社包含了公有与私有两重因素,因而,农业发展道路并不是唯一的,完全有可能通过公有因素战胜私有因素使农村公社直接过渡到社会主义集体合作制大农业,而不必经过自耕小农土地所有制和资本主义大土地所有制的发展阶段。