Analysis of the gacS-gacA regulatory genes of spontaneous mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain PfG32R

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PfG32R, a potential biocontrol agent against soilborne pathogens, frequently loses its antifungal activity and ability to produce enzymes. To characterize genetically the instability of these bacterial functions, we analyzed gacS and gacA genes of PfG32R and three spontaneous mutants of PfG32R (NR1, NR9, and ASW6), which had lost their ability to produce proteases and antifungal activities. The gacS and gacA sequences of PfG32R had 77%–89% and 78%–87% homology, respectively, with several known gacS and gacA homologues. All three spontaneous mutants were subjected to complementation analysis. Introduction of clones containing an intact gacS of PfG32R and another P. fluorescens strain Pf-5 as well as strain tea632 of P. syringae pv. theae complemented all three mutants restoring protease and antifungal activities, indicating a mutation in gacS. In sequencing analysis, the mutants had a deletion or change in amino acids in the conserved sensor kinase domains of GacS. The three mutants maintained both their antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and siderophore production, indicating that they are not controlled by the GacS/GacA system. The sequences reported in this article have been deposited in the DDBJ database under accession numbers AB219364 and AB219365.     

中草药提取物对蜜蜂屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)的抑制作用研究

为了观察中草药对蜜蜂屎肠球菌（Entorococcus faecium）的体外抑菌效果，选用14种中草药按常规法制备水提物，用纸片法和试管二倍稀释法检测中草药水提物对蜜蜂屎肠球菌的抑菌作用。试验结果表明，所选14种中草药中9种对蜜蜂屎肠球菌有中度以上抑菌作用，其中大青叶的抑菌作用最强，其次是黄连、金银花、黄芪、黄芩、大黄、板篮根、淫羊藿和青蒿。     

动物专用头孢喹诺的研究进展

头孢喹诺是动物专用的第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌和强大的杀菌作用。其抗菌活性极强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC90值均较小;其药动学特点优良,吸收快,达峰时间短,生物利用度较高,药时曲线下面积较大,表现分布容积也很大;头孢喹诺毒性低,在动物的可食用组织中残留较少,安全性较高。国外已将该药应用于猪、牛的呼吸系统感染及牛乳房炎的治疗。为指导头孢喹诺在我国兽医临床上的合理应用,现对其抗菌活性、药动学、残留及毒性、临床应用等最新资料进行综述。     

癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的急性毒性及抑菌试验

通过药浴方式,进行了癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的急性毒性试验;采用二倍稀释法,进行了癸甲溴铵对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌的体外抑菌试验;探讨了癸甲溴铵对鳗弧菌引起的褐牙鲆细菌性疾病的防治效果。结果表明,在19.0～21.0℃和24.5～25.5℃时,癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的24、48h半数致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(Sc)分别为6.35、4.84、0.84和2.43、2.14、0.5mg/L。通过对中毒死亡褐牙鲆的病理组织学观察表明,癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的鳃损害最严重,其次是肝脏,对肾脏的损害相对较轻,特别是对鳃的损害与鱼的死亡有很大的关系。在24和32℃,癸甲溴铵对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为10、20和5、10mg/L。防治效果试验表明,癸甲溴铵0.3mg/L浓度药浴可有效防治鳗弧菌引起的褐牙鲆细菌性疾病。     

Three new antibacterial active diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum

Three new diarylheptanoids, together with ten known ones, were isolated from the ethanol extract from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance. The structural identification of these compounds was mainly achieved by spectroscopic methods. The new compounds were elucidated as 7-(4″, 5″-dihydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl -4-heptene-3-one (1), 1, 7-diphenyl-5-heptene-3-one (2) and 4-phenethyl-1, 7-diphenyl -1-heptene-3, 5-dione (3), respectively. All of the compounds showed antibacterial activity against Helicobactor pylori. Especially, the three new compounds showed strong antibacterial activity against Hp-Sydney strain 1 with the MIC values of 9–12 μg/mL, and against Hp-F44 with the MIC values of 25–30 μg/mL.     

环丙沙星对水产动物气单胞菌的药效学研究

环丙沙星为第三代步诺酮类药，是一种安全。高效的抗菌剂。该药对临床分离的几株致病性气单胞菌的最小抑制浓度（MIC）为0.0098μg/ml。人工感染治疗试验表明，该药以1mg/（kg.d）剂量灌服，连用5天，能有效控制鲫鱼败血症的暴发。     

虎掌菌酶解提取物抑菌试验研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶、纤维素酶对虎掌菌进行酶解提取,并检测提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母菌、青霉菌和黑曲霉的抑菌效果。结果表明,不同提取方法所得粗提物都有不同程度的抑菌效果,提取液对黑曲霉和青霉菌的抑菌效果最明显,对酵母菌抑菌效果最不明显。     

内蒙古根河14种野生大型经济真菌生物活性测定

对内蒙古根河市14种野生大型经济真菌的抗菌活性及凝集素、蛋白酶、磷酸酶等生物活性进行了测定。结果表明在被测的14个样品中,具有蛋白酶活性的有4种、具有凝集素活性的有7种、具有抗植物病原真菌活性的有3种,开发和利用这些野生大型经济真菌将取得巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

优良观赏保健树大叶冬青扩繁利用研究

在引进大叶冬青树种种质资源的基础上,系统地研究了大叶冬青生物学特性、生态适应性、生长习性、实生种播苗关键技术和组织培养及其微繁技术,以及生态复合拟生栽培技术,培育出了大叶冬青绿化苗木18万株。并测定了大叶冬青叶内可溶性蛋白质、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗衰老成分含量和叶组织中抗菌成分含量及其抑菌功能。因地制宜研制出优质嫩芽型、嫩叶炒青型、老叶微波干燥型3种苦丁保健绿茶,为大叶冬青叶资源产业化开发奠定了基础。     

益生菌防治畜禽细菌性肠炎作用机制的研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体有益、安全无害的活微生物,代替抗生素和疫苗广泛用于畜禽细菌性肠炎的防治。益生菌主要通过与病原菌竞争黏附位点、分泌抑菌物质、加固肠道黏膜屏障、调节肠道免疫应答等抑制病原菌增殖,缓解肠道炎症,防治细菌性肠炎的发生。本文对益生菌的作用机制进行了详细阐述,为益生菌的研究和应用提供参考。