An investigation into the basic virus-antibody neutralization reaction, with special regard to the reaction in the constant-virus/varying-serum neutralization test.

A study of the basic reaction in neutralization of virus (V) by virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) was performed with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and serum collected from naturally and experimentally infected cattle after the primary immunization phase. In constant-virus/varying-serum neutralization tests a direct proportionality between VNA titer and length of preincubation was observed and found to be in accordance with basic laws of neutralization. A deviation from this direct proportionality, which was partly attributed to the presence of a dissociable V-VNA complex, was seen with relatively short preincubation. Expressing a relationship between VNA titer, length of preincubation, and virus dose under conditions where a dissociable V-VNA complex can be ignored, a log. VNA/log. V equivalence factor of neutralization was introduced. A linear relationship was found between VNA titer, taken logarithmically, and preincubation temperature. A rise in temperature by 10°C gave an increase in VNA titer of approx. 1.2 in log₂. Formulae are presented for the neutralization rate factor corrected for a demonstrated invalidity of the percentage law, and for the relation between the neutralization rate factor and VNA titer. It is concluded that the results presented have elucidated the possibilities of improving the sensitivity of neutralization tests.     

Spread of potato virus Y in potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) with different levels of sensitivity

The aim of this work was to correlate the appearance of the symptoms, multiplication and spread of virus after mechanical inoculation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars showing different levels of susceptibility and sensitivity to Potato virus Y^NTN (PVY^NTN). The potato cultivars used were the resistant cultivar Sante and susceptible cultivars Igor, Pentland squire and Désirée. The spread of the virus PVY^NTN in infected plants was monitored using different methods: DAS-ELISA, tissue printing, immuno-serological electron microscopy and real-time PCR. In all three susceptible cultivars, the virus was detected in the inoculated leaves 4–5 days after inoculation. From there virus spread rapidly, first into the stem, then more or less simultaneously to the upper leaves and roots. Real-time PCR was shown to be very sensitive and enabled viral RNA to be detected in non-inoculated leaves of susceptible cultivar Igor earlier than other methods. Therefore, for exact studies of plant–virus interaction, a combination of methods which detect viruses on the basis of their different properties (coat protein, morphology or RNA) should be used to monitor the spread of viruses.     

侵染桃树的病毒、类病毒和植原体病害研究进展

目前国内外报道的桃树病毒病３３ 种,其中已分离和鉴定的病原病毒１５ 种;类病毒３ 种;植原体病害４ 种。分别概述了这些病害的种类、分布、症状、检测、传播以及防治策略等方面的研究进展     

猪伪狂犬病油乳剂灭活疫苗的制备及安全性与免疫性试验

用本室分离鉴定的猪伪狂犬病毒鄂A经毒株接种仓鼠肾细胞（BHK－21）,制备病毒抗原液，毒价不低于10^-6TCID50/0.1ml。经一定浓度的甲醛溶液灭活后与油相佐剂乳化研制成油乳剂灭活油疫苗4批。本研究对该制品的安全性、免疫性进行了测定。对18g左右小白鼠接种0.3ml，初生仔猪、断奶仔猪及妊娠母猪加倍剂量注射，均未出现不良反应，安全性良好。对母猪的繁殖性能不产生影响。后备母猪及妊娠母清中和抗体指数于免疫后21d达到316以上，间隔35d加强免疫一次后，中和抗体指数可达1000以上。断奶仔猪及初生仔猪免疫后对强毒的攻击，保护率分别为100％及90.62％。     

桑花叶病病原及化学药剂治疗的研究

桑花叶病的症状种类较多，是由多种植物病原病毒寄生引起发病，其中有一种是暂定名为桑斑块花叶病，其症状主要是形成退绿斑块花叶，畸形叶或叶形变长。病原病毒为球形，直径25～30nm，主要通过嫁接传病。化学药剂吖橙对此病有明显抑制作用，从而使病桑树康复并增产。     

猪繁殖-呼吸综合征病毒上海株的分离鉴定

从上海地区５个发病猪场的病料中,分离到３株致Ｍａｒｃ－１４５细胞病变的病毒：ＳＨ１、ＳＨ２和ＳＨ３,理化特性研究表明,３株分离毒均对氯仿、乙醚、甲醛、热（５６℃）、酸（ｐＨ６以下）、碱（ｐＨ８以上）敏感。负染可见病毒以大小不等的具囊膜的球形粒子为主,囊膜上有纤突,直径为６０￣１００ｎｍ;超薄切片可见病毒粒子分散在细胞浆内,直径为４５￣８０ｎｍ。间接免疫荧光试验表明,３株分离毒均与ＰＲＲＳＶ高免血清呈强阳性反应,而与ＨＣＶ、ＰＰＶ、ＰＲＶ、ＴＧＥＶ高免血清的反应均呈阴性。综上可见,所分离的病毒为ＰＲＲＳＶ。     

VSV的RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立

选取水泡性口炎病毒 N基因序列 ,设计 1对引物 ,建立检测水泡性口炎病毒的 RT- PCR方法。对VSV各毒株进行检测 ,结果均为阳性 ,而对反刍动物病毒性疾病相关病毒进行检测 ,结果均为阴性。结果表明所建立的 RT- PCR技术可用于水泡性口炎的诊断和流行病学调查     

幼狐脑炎母源抗体消退情况监测

本研究采用微量中和实验的方法,对30日龄、45日龄、60日龄幼狐的传染性脑炎母源抗体进行检测。结果显示,30日龄幼狐的传染性脑炎母源抗体水平较高,中和抗体平均效价为1：48.3;在45日龄断乳期该母源抗体平均中和抗体效价显著下降到1：18.3;在60日龄该母源抗体基本消失,多数中和抗体效价低于1：2.9。实验结果表明,45-50日龄对幼狐进行传染性脑炎疫苗首免,能避开免疫空白期和母源抗体干扰,获得较好免疫效果。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白研究进展

猪瘟（Classical Swine Fever,CSF）是由猪瘟病毒（Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV）引起的一种急性、接触性传染病。目前该病流行于除北美洲和大洋洲以外的其他大洲和地区,呈世界性分布,在一些原已宣布消灭猪瘟的欧洲国家（荷兰、比利时、英国、德国、意大利、西班牙等）又相继复发。虽然我国长期坚持全面接种猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗,但目前猪瘟在我国依然存在,流行特点从以往的频发大面积流行转变为无规律区域性的散发,隐性持续性感染病例增多,因此应明确猪瘟病毒的基因组结构和最具免疫防制研究价值的抗原蛋白结构,为研制新型有效的疫苗和诊断试剂提供理论依据。本文就猪瘟病毒的基因组结构、猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的结构、功能、所包含的抗原表位以及E2蛋白的表达应用等方面的研究进展作以综述。