银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的研究

本文对热带、亚热带木本豆科饲料银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的技术及其效果进行了研究。试验结果表明:银合欢枝叶干物质粗蛋白质含量约为21％,有毒氨基酸含羞草素含量约为3％。含羞草素可在反刍家畜瘤胃内转变为另一毒素3-羟基-4(1氢)吡啶酮(DHP)。我国南方内陆地区反刍家畜瘤胃内不存在可使DHP降解的细菌,故采食银合欢出现中毒反应,并使日增重和饲料报酬下降。将澳大利亚DHP-降解细菌接种到我国内陆地区黄牛瘤胃内,可使黄牛取得对DHP的脱毒能力。作者发现我国广西北海市一小岛——涠洲岛的黄牛和山羊瘤胃内也存在某种DHP-降解细菌,将其接种转移到我国内陆地区乳牛瘤胃内,乳牛成功地取得了对DHP的脱毒能力。用涠洲DHP-降解细菌脱毒银合欢枝叶饲养乳牛取得了良好的饲养效果。     

Immunocytochemical localization of the Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin components in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae midgut

This study describes the immunocytochemical localization of the Bacillus sphaericus 2362 binary toxin components, BinA and BinB, in Culex quinquefasciatus larvae that had been intoxicated with this entomopathogen. Ultrathin sections of C. quinquefasciatus larvae midgut embedded in the hydrophilic resin L.R. White were incubated with the antibodies anti-BinA or anti-BinB and then revealed with goat anti-rabbit IgG coupled to gold particles. Immunocytochemical detection demonstrated the presence of specific labeling in ultra-thin sections that had been incubated with the BinA antiserum. Gold particles were detected on the apical areas of cell membranes and inside the epithelial cell cytoplasm, particularly the mitochondria, of cells from the gastric caeca and posterior stomach in larvae exposed during 2 or 24 h to the entomopathogen. A similar labeling pattern was observed in ultrathin sections from both midgut regions when incubated with BinB antiserum.     

甘肃陇西黄芩灰霉病病原菌分离鉴定及田间药剂防治

为探明黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)茎基部和根部灰霉病的病原菌,本文于2019—2021年春季对甘肃陇西县采集的黄芩病样进行病原菌的分离培养,运用形态学和内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer, ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,G3PDH)、热激蛋白60(Heat shock protein 60,HSP60)和RNA聚合酶亚基II(The second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II,RPB2)多基因方法鉴定,采用菌丝生长抑制法进行药剂室内毒力测定和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明：引起黄芩灰霉病的病原菌为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),春季发病时表现为地上部分枯死不发芽,靠近地表的根表面呈暗绿色水渍状,随后地下根木质部变软呈黄褐色腐烂,病健交界明显;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌作用最强,EC₅₀为0.01...     

蓖麻毒素基本生物学特性分析

[目的]对蓖麻毒素分子量、等电点和氨基酸序列等基本生物学特性进行分析。[方法]以内蒙古通辽地区所产蓖麻哲蓖2号为对象,利用毛细管电泳技术、分子生物学技术、毒性检测等免疫学技术对其毒素基本生物学特性进行检测分析。[结果]试验中所用蓖麻毒素的等电点为6.49,分子量为61.9kD,其氨基酸序列与网上公布序列相比,A链有22个位点发生变异,B链无变异;小鼠口服LD50为5.0mg/kg,腹腔注射LD50为4.6μg/kg,淋巴细胞IC50为3μg/ml。[结论]该研究为深入了解蓖麻毒素生物学性质提供依据,同时为不同产地蓖麻毒素毒性及其他性质的差异比较奠定基础。     

Boron toxicity of strawberry

Abstract

Radlands Crimson strawberries were grown in a glasshouse with 7 rates of applied boron. Wood shavings mulches with different boron concentrations were also applied as separate treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms were produced in leaves by boron rates of 0.32 kg ha^‐1 and greater on a soil containing 1.6 ug B g^‐1 of hot water extractable boron. Concentrations greater than 123 μg B g^‐1 in old leaves were associated with boron toxicity symptoms.

In the B rate experiment, soil boron concentrations greater than 1.9 μg B g^‐1 soil were associated with leaf toxicity symptoms which increased in severity with increasing soil boron concentrations up to 4.1 μg B g^‐1 soil. Wood shavings mulch containing 17 μg B g^‐1 caused boron toxicity symptoms in older leaves whereas mulches containing less than 6 μg B g^‐1 did not produce toxicity symptoms.     

生态环境中重金属的化学形态转化及影响因素研究

提出了环境中重金属的化学形态发生转化的2种途径,探讨了影响此转化过程的环境条件,包括pH、氧化还原电位和吸附质表面的键合作用等。     

几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

紫背金盘提取物对台湾家白蚁毒杀作用的初步研究

利用紫背金盘甲醇提取物对台湾家白蚁进行了室内毒性测定和驱避行为试验。结果表明,经12次重复的毒性测定,有较强的致死作用。3—4％浓度的死亡率达100％,2％浓度的死亡率为94％,1％浓度的死亡率为58.9％。在驱避行为试验中表明,在4％以下的浓度对家白蚁没有显著的驱避怍用,从驱避作用的定量研究——非选择性取食试验中,1—4％浓度处理过的木块均被白蚁蛀蚀过。在选择性取食试验中,1—4％浓度处理组的木材样品同样被白蚁蛀蚀过。从驱避作用的定性研究——琼脂培养基选择性试验看,在整个试验期间的各个处理区内,蚁路筑通,没有堵塞蚁路现象。4％浓度处理组的平均进区率是87.92％,2％浓度的进区率是98.75％,1％浓度的进区率是99.16％。     

杀菌剂银泰防治小麦纹枯病研究

采用室内离体平皿法和田间小区试验测定了植物源农用杀菌剂银泰 (有效成分 :4 -丁酰基苯酚 )对小麦纹枯病菌 Rhizoctonia cerealis生长的抑制作用和对该病害的防治效果。结果表明 ,20%银泰乳油在 0～ 100μg/mL范围内随着浓度提高对小麦纹枯病菌的抑制作用增强 ,其 EC50 和 EC95分别为 36.11和 97.66μg/L;EC95明显小于对照药剂井冈霉素的检测数值 (327.6 4μg/L )。20%银泰乳油 200、400和 800mg/L防治小麦纹枯病的效果分别为 85.8%、89.3%和 92.3% ,与对照药剂甲基硫菌灵 400mg/L的防效 (87.0% )相当。     

Clinical evaluation of methoximorpholino-doxorubicin (FCE 23762) in dogs with spontaneous malignancies

We conducted a clinical evaluation of FCE 23762, a methoxymorpholino analog of doxorubicin, in 48 dogs with metastatic, nonresectable, or chemotherapy-resistant spontaneous malignancies at an initial dosage of 50-60 microg/kg IV every 3 weeks. Clinical evidence of toxicity was minimal; 6 dogs developed grades I, II, and III hematologic toxicities after the 1st treatment, and 1 dog developed grade II gastrointestinal toxicity. One dog became pancytopenic 4 months after discontinuation of FCE 23762. No other adverse effects were noted. Partial or complete remissions were observed in 32% of the dogs. Responses were observed both in previously untreated dogs and in those that had received prior chemotherapy, including doxorubicin. FCE 23762 is a promising new antineoplastic agent that can be used safely in dogs with cancer; doses higher than those used in this study may be used eventually in practice.