温州市张网捕捞能力的分析

根据2003年温州市4个地区张网渔业调查数据,运用数据包络法分析其捕捞能力。结果表明,2003年温州市张网平均利用率为89.2%。考虑了协同作用后,把占有率也当作产出,平均利用率提高至95.2%,能力产量达到109453 t。如果要保持现有产量,则可减船71艘。     

基于深度信念网络的猪咳嗽声识别

为了在生猪养殖产生呼吸道疾病的初期,通过监测猪咳嗽声进行疾病预警,提出了基于深度信念网络(DBN)对猪咳嗽声进行识别的方法。以长白猪咳嗽、打喷嚏、吃食、尖叫、哼哼、甩耳朵等声音为研究对象,利用基于多窗谱的心理声学语音增强算法和单参数双门限端点检测对猪声音进行预处理,实现猪声音信号的去噪和有效信号检测。基于时间规整算法提取300维短时能量和720维梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)组合成1020维特征参数,将该组合特征参数作为DBN学习和识别数据集,选定3隐层神经元个数分别为42、17和7,构建网络结构为1020-42-17-7-2的5层深度信念网络猪咳嗽声识别模型。通过5折交叉实验验证,基于DBN的猪咳嗽声识别率和总识别率均达到90%以上,误识别率不超过8.07%,最优组猪咳嗽声识别率达到94.12%,误识别率为7.45%,总识别率达到93.21%。进一步基于主成分分析法(PCA)提取1020维特征参数98.01%主成分得到479维特征参数,通过5折交叉实验验证,猪咳嗽声识别率和总识别率相对降维前均有所提高,误识别率有所降低,最优组猪咳嗽声识别率达到95.80%,误识别率为6.83%,总识别率达到94.29%,实验结果表明所建模型是有效可行的。     

追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的CLSVOF方法

根据CLSVOF方法的基本思想,将VOF和Level Set两种方法结合起来,用于追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的计算.通过对经典的两相流流动问题的计算,研究了CLSVOF方法对对流输运方程和动量输运方程计算精度的影响,并与VOF方法和Level Set方法进行了对比.研究结果表明:求解对流输运方程时,CLSVOF方法的计算精度明显高于Level Set方法;求解动量输运方程时,CLSVOF方法产生的虚假速度接近于0,基本克服了利用VOF方法求解动量输运方程时的虚假速度势问题.     

基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染评价模型

土壤重金属污染程度综合评价问题是一个前沿的、复杂的不确定性问题。本文尝试利用集对分析方法描述土壤重金属污染评价过程中的确定性和不确定性特征,并应用角模糊数刻画集对差异度系数以改进集对分析方法,进而提出了基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染综合评价新模型。实例应用结果及与其他方法对比分析表明:该模型评价过程直观、计算简便、结果客观合理,在土壤重金属污染评价中具有参考价值。     

基于粗糙集的高校图书馆用户评价分析

现代图书馆是以用户（读者）为中心,加强对用户评价的调查和数据处理对改善图书馆工作具有重要的意义。利用粗糙集理论的属性约简和区分函数等工具,对学校图书馆日常调查所积累的用户对图书馆服务质量的评价数据进行分析,给出了一个挖掘其中隐藏的模式和知识的方法,有助于图书馆管理层提高服务水平和促进馆员素质建设。     

伐区作业类型划分与集材作业系统相适应性的研究

本应用模糊聚类分析方法,选取作业区坡度、单位面积出材量、集材距离以及地表承载能力等作为因子,对吉林林区伐区作业类型进行了区划。又应用层次分析法,对与每类伐区相适应的集材作用系统进行系统分析。     

The use of fyke nets as a quantitative capture technique for freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in rivers

Abstract  Fyke netting is a convenient and effective technique for capturing freshwater eels, and catch-per-unit-effort is usually assumed to be an index of eel abundance. The present study investigated the potential of depletion fishing using baited fyke nets to obtain population estimates of longfin eels Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, in a river in the South Island of New Zealand. The probability of capture (capture efficiency) of a single night's fishing increased with increasing size of eel, and ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 for eels <400 mm, to 0.7–0.9 for eels ≥500 mm. The capture efficiency of baited vs unbaited nets was assessed in a small stream that was electric fished after netting trials were completed. Baited nets proved to be an effective method of assessing abundance of longfin eels (>400 mm) but not shortfins ( A. australis Richardson); capture efficiency of the population of longfins (the sum of fyke caught and electric fished eels) was 0.4 for a single night's fyke netting, increasing to 0.8 over four nights. Comparable efficiencies for shortfins were <0.1 and 0.3 respectively. Unbaited nets were markedly less efficient for both species.     

Spatially targeting the distribution of agricultural input stockists in Malawi

Developing the rural agricultural input markets in sub-Saharan Africa can improve the current low productivity of smallholder farmers. Malawi has seen significant efforts in addressing the availability of agricultural inputs at village level in the last few years; for example, the improvement of rural agro-dealer networks. Nevertheless inputs are still difficult to obtain for many remote smallholder farmers. Spatial analysis can help in the expansion of input stockists, especially agro-dealer networks, by assessing the coverage of existing input outlets and deriving optimum locations for village-level input stockists.We address three research questions. First, what is the locational efficiency of the current village-level stockists of inputs (Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs – Rural Agricultural Market Development Trust trained network of agro dealers and public sector)? Secondly, how many village-level stockists of markets are needed to reach 60% of the population in the central region of Malawi within one hour? Finally we address the potential spatial components of the sustainability of input stockists relating to the potential demand from smallholder farmers and the access to bulk supplies. The problem of finding the optimum location for village-level stockists of markets is addressed in two stages, using spatial analysis in conjunction with location–allocation models. First, the locational efficiency of the existing network of stockists of inputs is determined, followed by the establishment of a set of optimal sites for village-level stockists of inputs. A final step explores the viability of stockists and calculates the population surrounding the stockists taking into account competition from other sources of inputs and the accessibility of the selected stockists to potential wholesalers who are bulk distributors of farm inputs.Our results show that locational efficiency can be assessed in terms of the differential access of households to resources and transport. Often, these differences are not considered in covering problems and can have a large effect on the physical access to inputs. The results can be used to define which areas are inherently difficult to serve with agricultural inputs and could inform efforts to provide incentives to remote areas. Further implications for input policies in Malawi are that improvements in road infrastructure might not directly benefit the poorest farmers (if they are walking) but could serve to reduce the wholesale prices and therefore the retail price. In addition, the improvement in roads might increase the number of potential customers of any particular stockist, with economies of scale allowing the reduction of prices while ensuring a satisfactory profit margin for the stockist. The results of our models imply that Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs may need to train stockists over a wider area to increase the access to inputs of those smallholder farmers with least resources.     

连续属性信息系统规则提取方法研究——基于模糊粗集包含度的视角

为了从连续属性的信息系统中提取决策规则,提出了将模糊集和粗糙集理论相结合,首先使用模糊聚类技术将连续属性信息系统转化为模糊信息系统,然后使用包含度算法提取决策规则,最后通过实例验证了该方法具有较强的抗噪声能力,得出的决策规则易于应用。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区经济系统脆弱性评价

从区域经济系统面对内外干扰的敏感性和应对能力两方面建立鄱阳湖生态经济区经济系统脆弱性评价指标体系,并采用集对分析方法对区域经济系统脆弱性内部差异进行评价研究。结果表明:不同行政单元经济系统脆弱性程度差异较大;应对能力的差异是影响区内各县市经济系统脆弱性分异的主要因素;根据脆弱性特征差异进行分类,南昌市属低敏感性、高应对能力型,九江市属高敏感性、高应对能力型,九江县、星子县、永修县、湖口县、都昌县、瑞昌县、德安县、武宁县、彭泽县、乐平市、东乡县、丰城市和高安市属高敏感性、低应对能力型,其他县市属低敏感性、低应对能力型。