淡干海参泡发工艺研究

为探究淡干海参泡发工艺,以烟台淡干海参为原料,通过正交试验得到最优工艺条件为：121 ℃、0.12 MPa高温高压处理20 min,全程使用蒸馏水,泡发温度4 ℃,泡发时间48 h,采用该工艺泡发的海参质量和长度分别为泡发前干海参的14.5倍和2.7倍,复水比为9.2,其硬度、弹性、适口性、持水力及营养价值均高于市面上常压煮制常温泡发的海参。该研究结果为科学、方便地食用和推广淡干海参提供了理论依据。     

黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀产卵场分布特征及其影响因素

为掌握黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀(Engraulis japonicus)产卵场的分布特征及其关键环境因子,基于2021年4—12月开展的产卵场综合调查获取的鳀样品及其鱼卵密度数据,运用Garrison重心分布法阐释鳀产卵洄游分布特征及其主产卵期;通过基于Tweedie分布的广义可加模型(generalized additive model, GAM)的构建,分析主产卵期内鳀卵密度与同步获取的海水表层温度(SST)、海水表层盐度(SSS)、海水表层叶绿素浓度(Chla)、浮游动物丰度(Fd)、浮游植物丰度(Fz)和深度(Depth)等6个环境因子,以及时间(月份,Month)和空间(经纬度、Lon和Lat)因子之间关系,并识别主控因子。结果显示,海域内鳀产卵期较长,由4月持续至11月,5—8月为主产卵期,其中,5—6月为产卵盛期。鳀产卵场规模和位置时空变化明显,时空因子与鳀卵密度分布呈密切非线性相关(累积偏差解释率为48.1%),(SST, SSS) (18.7%)和Depth (5%)次之。鳀产卵期适温范围较广,产卵场分布表现出高温高盐(低温低盐)增效作用和高温低盐限制作用。产卵初期(4月),鳀产卵场规模和鱼卵密度均较低,产卵重心位于海洋岛东南侧深水区;盛期(5月底—6月初)在SST主导下,鳀产卵场规模和鱼卵密度均至年内最高值,核心产卵场位于石城岛–庄河河口一带海域;此后,随着辽南沿岸水系盐度的下降,高温低盐的抑制作用使SSS因素主导产卵鱼群避开沿岸海域,鳀产卵场迁移至外海深水区,7月后位于30~50 m等深线之间;9—10月鳀繁殖活动基本结束,10月鳀卵仅零星分布于调查海域,直至12月未有鳀卵采获。研究可为黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀产卵场研究及鳀资源合理开发利用提供参考依据。     

东海南部海域头足类群落结构特征及其与环境关系

为了研究杜氏枪乌贼(Uroteuthis duvaucelii)角质颚形态和生长特征,根据2015年9—10月在南海北部海域采集的样本,通过测定样本胴长(L_M)、体质量(M)和角质颚的形态值,建立胴长与体质量以及角质颚形态参数与胴长的关系,并利用方差分析法比较不同个体和性成熟度间杜氏枪乌贼角质颚形态的差异。结果表明,不同性别未成熟个体间胴长存在显著差异(P<0.01),雌性不同成熟度个体间体质量存在显著差异(P<0.01),胴长和体质量关系符合幂函数,未成熟和性成熟个体的生长系数b分别为2.22~2.25和1.75;性成熟与未成熟个体间角质颚形态值存在显著差异(P<0.01),不同性别未成熟个体间则不存在显著差异(P>0.05);选取的6个角质颚形态参数值与胴长的关系均符合线性生长模型;通过方差分析,认为不同胴长组之间,雌性杜氏枪乌贼角质颚形态存在显著差异(P<0.01),结合性成熟度分析,发现角质颚形态参数同时受到胴长与性成熟度间交互作用的影响(P<0.01)。     

Relation in the inheritance of resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis rost and Sphaerotheca fuliginea poll. in cucumber (Cucumis sativusl. L.)

Summary Among the genes for resistance against Sphaerotheca fuliginea, the gene s for resistance of the hypocotyl is linked to or identical with gene p for resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis. This gene s is present in the cultivars Ashley, Poinsett, Natsufushinari, Pixie, Taipei and in accessions PI 179676. PI 212233 and PI 234517.Although gene s initially brings about some resistance of the true leaf, it appears that when s is present. other genes are necessary for complete resistance to S. fuliginea.     

Microbiota analysis of Caspian Sea yogurt, a ropy fermented milk circulated in Japan

We analyzed the microbiota of domestic ropy fermented milk, Caspian Sea yogurt (or 'kasupikai yohguruto' in Japanese), circulated in Japan. We collected six varieties from five localities. Lactococcus ( L) lactis ssp. cremoris was isolated from all samples as the dominant strain at levels of 10⁸−10⁹ CFU/g. We show this strain produces an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that causes the unique characteristic viscosity of the product. From analysis of the RAPD pattern of 60 bacterial isolates from the six samples, we found that 59 strains from a total of 60 isolates were identical and produced this viscosity. Furthermore, PFGE analysis of representative strains from each sample indicated that the isolates could be classified into four subgroups. This suggests these L. lactis ssp. cremoris strains found in Caspian Sea yogurt may have been slightly mutated during subculture in Japan. In addition, Lactobacillus (L.) sakei ssp. sakei were isolated from three samples; L. plantarum , Gluconoacetobacter sacchari and Acetobacter aceti were isolated from two samples; and L. paracasei , L. kefiri , Leuconostoc ( Leu. ) mesenteroides were isolated from one sample.     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的作用机理及应用研究进展

介绍了微生态制剂在水产动物健康养殖中的作用机制,以及微生态制剂在刺参养殖中的应用前景。微生态制剂在水产动物中的作用机理包括通过竞争来抑制病原菌生长（如黏附位点、营养、能源等）、通过代谢物（如抑菌物质、消化酶等）调节微生态平衡、提高免疫机能、改善水质、群体感应（quorum sensing,QS）。刺参生理生化反应、生活习性的研究为刺参微生态制剂的开发奠定了基础,也存在一些问题限制了它在刺参养殖中的应用,但微生态制剂仍然是抗生素最有潜力的替代品,具有广阔的应用前景。     

四氯联苯对鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞的毒性影响

采用四氯联苯处理发育至Ⅹ期的白来航鸡种蛋,孵化5.5天后取出胚胎进行全固定,用石蜡切片和PAS染色(高碘酸希夫试剂)研究四氯联苯对鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的影响.结果表明,四氯联苯对发育至5.5日胚龄的鸡胚性腺PGCs数量和结构有明显影响,但雌二醇处理的5.5日胚龄鸡胚PGCs数量变化不显著,其结构无明显变化.表明四氯联苯对5.5日胚龄的鸡胚性腺PGCs的影响主要来自于其毒性作用.     

Computed tomographic anatomy of the head of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

The heads of three loggerhead sea turtles were disarticulated and imaged immediately to minimize postmortem changes and then frozen and sectioned. For computed tomography (CT) imaging, the heads were positioned in ventral recumbency. Transverse CT images with soft-tissue window were obtained from the olfactory sac region to the temporomandibular joint region. After CT imaging, the heads were sectioned and the gross sections were compared to CT images, to assist in the accurate identification of the anatomic structures. Different clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled in two series of photographs (CT images and anatomic cross-sections). CT images provided good differentiation between the bones and the soft tissues of the head. The information presented in this paper should serve as an initial reference to evaluate CT images of the head of the loggerhead sea turtle and to assist in the interpretation of lesions of this region.     

First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa

The brooding sea anemone Sagartia ornata is reported from South Africa for the first time and is redescribed. The species is abundant intertidally in Langebaan Lagoon, where it attaches to stones shal lowly buried in sediment. It is probably a recent intro duction from Europe.     

A short note on the horizontal and vertical movements of a whale shark, Rhincodon typus, tracked by satellite telemetry in the South China Sea

Whale sharks, a global migratory species, are often reported entangled in fishing nets in coastal areas of China. The effectiveness of conservation measures has been constrained by very limited knowledge on their movements and preferred habitats in the coastal areas of China. For the first time, we tracked the movements of 2 whale sharks by satellite telemetry in Mainland China. The tracking results of 1 whale shark revealed that it travelled in the South China Sea in a south-eastern direction, parallel to the eastern coast of Vietnam. Total distance travelled was 1018 km, in approximately 74 days, with a mean speed of 14 km per day. It appeared to head towards the cool upwelling zones in southern Vietnam at the time of the tag's detachment. In our study, it was observed that this whale shark was a surface dweller and spent approximately 45% of its time above 10 m water depth and 90% of its time above 50 m depth. It also tended to stay in water temperatures between 27 and 30 °C, and was rarely recorded in water below 20 °C. This preliminary study indicates the importance of shallow waters as the foraging habitat for whale sharks, and has implications for their management and conservation.