红汁乳菇及人工合成菌根的形态结构特征

菌根性真菌子实体、担孢子、菌丝体的形态及与宿主植物形成的菌根的结构是鉴别菌根菌种类的重要特征。AGERER[1]详细描述了Piceirhiza internicrassihyphis与挪威云杉(Picea abies)形成的菌根的显微特征,指出其菌丝套内层有厚壁菌丝,且其中一些菌丝呈平行生长。WANG等[2,3]研究     

Expression of HSP70 in response to heat-shock and its cDNA cloning from Mediterranean blue mussel

Expression of HSP70 in response to heat-shock was investigated at the protein and mRNA levels in Mediterranean blue mussel. Western and Northern blot analyses revealed that HSP70 was expressed following heat-shock in the mantle at both protein and mRNA levels, suggesting that gene expression of HSP70 is implicated in the cellular response to heat-shock stress in mussel. It was then attempted to clone HSP70 cDNA in order to determine the primary structure of mussel HSP70. As a result, two full-length cDNA encoding HSP70 were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from the heat-shocked mantle. The isolated cDNA consist of single open reading frames of 2067 bp and 1911 bp which encode proteins of 689 amino acids and 637 amino acids, respectively. Both HSP70 cDNA encode an ATPase do main, and a substrate-binding do main in addition to a Glu-Glu-Val-Asp (EEVD) peptide motif that is specific for cytosolic HSP70. These findings suggest that the cDNA clones obtained in the present study encode cytosolic HSP70.     

Treatment of the early life stages of scallop (Pecten maximus) with antimicrobial agents; searching for an alternative to chloramphenicol

High mortality rates are often observed in rearing the early stages of the great scallop, Pecten maximus. The addition of antibacterial agents has been necessary to improve larval survival. However, as one antibacterial agent, chloramphenicol, is banned in Norway and Europe the aim of this study is to investigate alternative antibacterial agents. The therapeutic agents investigated in this study were florfenicol, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, neomycin and Pyceze. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and Pyceze against bacteria isolated from scallop larvae. Two types of treatment regime were investigated on an intermediate scale (20 L). One regime involved continuous exposure of scallop larvae to the therapeutic agent while the other involved a short exposure lasting two hours. All intermediate scale treatments were performed in parallel to large-scale production (800 L) treatment with chloramphenicol. Of the therapeutants investigated, oxolinic acid was the most effective, although only at high concentrations. The short exposure of two hours was ineffective for all therapeutics.     

Properties of scallop mantle collagen: its content,tissue distribution and thermal behavior

ABSTRACT:   To obtain fundamental information for the effective use of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis mantle, which is one of the underutilized marine resources. Some properties of collagen contained in the mantle were examined by chemical and histochemical techniques. Collagen content in the mantle varied annually, ranging from 0.98 to 1.72% of wet tissue, 7.7 to 12.6% of dry tissue and 13.5 to 26.5% of total protein, being relatively in high level of collagen content of invertebrate muscles. Collagen fiber was densely distributed in the inner connective tissue matrix of the mantle pallial, in contrast to the inner fold part which was rich in muscle fibers. The collagen contained in the crude collagen fraction (residue after alkali extraction), prepared from the mantle, was revealed to have considerably low solubility on hot-water extraction, constantly less than 20% of the total collagen at the temperatures in the range of 20–90°C.     

栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）在模拟自然水环境中滤水率的测定

在模拟自然海区的生态环境的条件下，对桑沟湾内主要养殖种类栉孔扇贝的滤水率进行了测定，对其不同体长扇贝的滤水率进行了实验比较。在水温２４－２６℃。盐度３１－３２‰范围内，昼间光照５００Ｌｕｘ左右条件下，用叶绿素和颗粒有机物作为测定指标，结果表明，此种扇贝的滤水率随个体增大，单位个体的滤水率越大，而单位干组织重的滤水率越小；同一规格扇贝，密度越大，滤水率越低。在本实验过程中，昼夜间的滤水率变化不甚明显     

Characterization of the quantitatively major collagen in the mantle of oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea gigas</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   A quantitatively major collagen was isolated from the pepsin-solubilized collagen preparation of the mantle by differential salt precipitation and phosphocellulose column chromatography, and its constituent α components (α1 and α2) were purified by phosphocellulose column chromatography. The subunits were demonstrated to be genetically distinct from each other by peptide mapping and amino acid analysis. The amino acid composition calculated from those of the α1 and α2 components in 2 : 1 ratio coincided well with that of the major collagen from the mantle. These results suggest that the major collagen in the mantle of the oyster may have a heterotrimer structure (α1)₂α2.     

Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.     

陇东黄花菜越冬覆盖保墒增收机理研究

通过对庆阳优质特色产品黄花菜越冬期进行地膜覆盖和玉米秸秆覆盖,分析越冬期土壤水分损耗、早春地温变化特征,以及不同覆盖材料水、热资源对黄花菜发育期、生长量、产量构成要素的影响。结论认为:在秋季降水充沛、土壤收墒充足、冬季气温偏高、降水明显偏少的年型,采取越冬覆盖能最大限度保持土壤水库蓄水。陇东塬区黄花菜越冬田间覆盖应大力提倡秸秆覆盖,由于秸秆覆盖既环保,又保墒,而且能有效调节黄花菜发育进程,使产量形成期避开陇东春旱最严重时期,提高水、肥利用率,增产显著。6月中、下旬和7月上、中旬降水对陇东塬黄花菜产量形成至关重要。     

覆盖在立体绿化中对植物节水效益影响的研究

立体绿化是一种投资少、见效快,特别对立交桥能起到很好的绿化效果的绿化形式。但是立交桥区绿化养护困难,尤其是水分补充。通过对比实验证明使用覆盖技术可以明显的增强基质的保水能力,从而起到节水作用,同时减少人工补水工作量。从节水效率讲覆膜的高于覆盖树皮,覆盖树皮高于覆盖石子。     

黄土丘陵区不同土壤地类造林树种选择与配置技术研究

通过 5年实验研究 ,观测了杨树、沙棘、柏树、刺槐、元宝枫纯林和沙棘与杨树、沙棘与柏树、刺槐与柠条的混交林在风化岩沫土土壤、红胶泥土壤、黄绵土土壤上的成活率、年枝条生长量、5 a林冠面积、5 a郁闭度 ,分析得出了黄土丘陵区不同土壤类型造林树种选择和配置的模式。结果表明 :黄土丘陵区造林常见树种及其混交形式在不同土壤类型上呈现不同结果 ,风化岩沫土适合柏树纯林和沙棘与杨树混交、沙棘与柏树混交 ,红胶泥土壤最佳树种为沙棘、刺槐纯林及沙棘与杨树混交 (阴坡 )、沙棘与柏树混交、刺槐与柠条混交 ,而刺槐、柠条纯林和沙棘与杨树混交、沙棘与柏树混交、刺槐与柠条混交适合于黄绵土土壤。此外 ,在各种土壤类型上混交林都优于纯林 ,建议黄土丘陵区造林应乔灌混交为主。该项研究技术在延安市山川秀美工程中推广 ,效果明显 ,建议在黄土丘陵区推广该技术。