Springtime abundance of chaetognaths in the shelf region of the northern Gulf of Alaska, with observations on the vertical distribution and feeding of Sagitta elegans

Chaetognatha were among the most dominant macrozooplankton taxa collected in 6 years of springtime collections, both throughout the water column and near-bottom on the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Three species ( Sagitta elegans, S. scrippsae, and Eukrohnia hamata ) were collected in 248 collections, although S. elegans was the numerically dominant species overall during most cruises. Collections taken in epibenthic sleds generally contained about two orders of magnitude more chaetognaths than those that sampled throughout the water column. Two size modes were apparent in the S. elegans size-frequency distributions which were believed to belong to different cohorts. Growth rate was on the order of 2–3 mm per month. The two cohorts showed asynchronous diel vertical distribution patterns, with the smaller individuals found near the surface during the day whereas the larger individuals were near the surface at night. About 7.5% of the S. elegans examined contained food. Copepods made up the majority (∼89% by number) of the diet of both large and small individuals. Euphausiid juveniles and cirripede larvae were also observed, as well as several incidences of cannibalism by large chaetognaths on smaller individuals. Based on the results of two diel series, this species was observed to feed mainly during the night-time.     

渤海当年生小黄鱼矢耳石微结构特征

以渤海海域采集的小黄鱼(Larimichthy polyactis)幼鱼为研究对象,分析其矢耳石的微结构特征。结果显示,小黄鱼矢耳石中心核呈圆形,平均直径为(24.35±0.72) μm,核内耳石原基为深黑色的圆形结构,平均直径为(12.07±0.58) μm,第1日轮距中心核的距离为(14.11±1.08) μm。初次摄食标记轮出现在第4条日轮处,标记轮暗带颜色加深、清晰可辨,该标记轮距中心核的距离为(20.67±2.28) μm。小黄鱼矢耳石前20条日轮,轮纹由圆环状逐渐变为椭圆,沿最长轴方向的轮纹宽度变化范围为6.51~14.37 μm,且随着日龄的增加而逐渐变宽;20~40条日轮间轮纹宽度呈显著升高,40~85日龄轮纹宽度变化相对平稳,第56~60条轮纹处出现轮纹,平均宽度最大值为41.59 μm。在小黄鱼矢耳石日轮沉积过程中,伴随着亚日轮结构的形成,亚日轮清晰度差,轮纹宽度较窄且波动较大,在显微镜下对视野轻微调焦时会暂时性“消失”。本研究对小黄鱼的矢耳石特征结构进行了分析,以期为野生小黄鱼及其他鱼种的日轮判断提供参考。     

Verification of annual increment formation in the white anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius using the illicia and sagitta otoliths

Marginal and edge state analysis was carried out on sagitta otoliths and illicia of white anglerfish taken from ICES Sub-area VI and Division IVa between April 1999 and September 2000. This demonstrated that an annulus comprised a multi-ring opaque zone and a wide translucent zone. Narrow translucent zones within the wide opaque zones were found to be significantly narrower than the translucent zones separating them, suggesting that these were false rings. Opaque material was predominantly deposited during the summer months (July–September) and translucent material during the winter (December–February). Precision of increment readings was tested from repeated increment counts of the calcified structures. This indicated that the most consistent age readings came from sagitta otoliths sectioned through the sagittal plane.     

强壮箭虫的染色体核型分析

以强壮箭虫Sagitta～a为试验材料,采用秋水仙索溶液浸泡、冷滴片、空气干燥及Giemsa染色等方法,对其染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明：强壮箭虫有9对染色体,其中6对为中部着丝点染色体（M）;1对为亚中部着丝点染色体（SM）;2对为端着丝粒染色体（T）;其核型公式为2n=18=12M＋2SM＋4T。文中还比较了两种箭虫的染色体核型的差异。     

东海北部肥胖箭虫和百陶箭虫空间分布参数的特征

根据1997~2000年东海北部(27°~32°30′N、128°E以西)4个季节的浮游动物调查数据,运用K、α和β等分布型参数以及Taylor和Iwao模型分析肥胖箭虫和百陶箭虫的空间分布特征和季节变化。分析结果表明,肥胖箭虫和百陶箭虫的空间分布都符合负二项分布,最高密集区都为3号样区,春季和冬季呈均匀分布状态;肥胖箭虫主要于夏季高度密集,百陶箭虫的密集时间则为秋季,肥胖箭虫的最高聚集度和最大丰度分属不同季节,而百陶箭虫则同在秋季达到最高值。     

强壮箭虫摄食生态的实验研究

实验研究了强壮箭虫对几种食物的摄食选择性和几种生态因子对其摄食率的影响，以及摄食的昼夜节律。结果表明，强壮箭虫首先选食蒙古裸腹，其次哲水蚤，再其次猛水蚤，不摄食褶皱臂尾轮虫。食物密度、温度和盐度对其摄食率均有极显著的影响，其关系式分别 为（1）Y =-0.0394X^{2+1.5861X-4.0500(R2=0.9235)，（2）Y=-0.0514X2+1.3238X+7.3833(R2=0.9510) ，（3）Y=-0.0275X2+1.3992X-6.3571(R2=0.9041)。摄食的最适食物密度为每升100个裸腹（生物量15～20 mg·L-1），摄食率为11.9 ind·d-1；摄食的最适水温为12.9 ℃，摄食率15.9 ind·d-1；摄食的最适盐度为25.4，摄食率为11.4 ind·d-1。强壮箭虫在夜间或弱光条件下，摄食较为强烈，早晨8点到12点摄食率最低，午后4点到8点达到摄食高峰。}