株行距及穴苗数的配置对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响

为明确垦稻26和龙粳31高产优质栽培的株行距和穴苗数处理,采取裂区设计进行试验研究。结果表明,最优群体因品种而异,垦稻26在株距10cm、行距30cm、5苗/穴产量最佳,龙粳31则以株距13.3cm、行距27cm、9苗/穴产量最佳;垦稻26在5苗/穴、行株距30cm×10cm处理,有利于提高稻米的碾磨品质,不利于改善稻米的外观品质,营养品质较低,利于改善稻米的食味品质,且食味评分值高达86.5,显著高于最低处理;龙粳31在5苗/穴、行株距27cm×13.3cm处理,碾磨品质较高,不利于营养品质和外观品质的改善,食味品质得到明显改善,食味评分值高达86.0,与最低处理差异达显著水平。因此,高产优质栽培要因品种选择适宜的穴苗数和株行距,是实现水稻高产优质最为快捷、最为经济有效的措施。     

An investigation on the effect of heat-moisture treatment on baking quality of wheat by using response surface methodology

Effect of heat-moisture treatment on quality properties of two bread wheats (cvs. Tosunbey and Bayraktar) were investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature and moisture conditions in the experimental design were in the range of 55–95 °C and 13–19%. Heat-moisture treated grains were milled into flour and quality properties were determined. The optimum moisture-temperature combination for the highest dry gluten, Zeleny sedimentation, Alveograph W and bread volume values were estimated as 14%-63 °C for Tosunbey and 19%-55 °C for Bayraktar samples. Alveograph W seems to be a good indicator of baking quality for wheats treated at higher temperatures. In order to describe the relationship between the dependent and independent variables (moisture, temperature), the response values were fitted by second order polynomial models. Significance analysis showed that the effect of both moisture and temperature on dry gluten content, sedimentation and falling number values for Tosunbey; falling number and damaged starch values for Bayraktar were significant (p < 0.05). The effect of temperature on Farinograph water absorption, W and P/G, bread volume and firmness values were significant for both cultivars (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that improvement in baking quality can be achieved and flours with different properties can be produced by heat-moisture treatments on wheat.     

盐碱交互胁迫对生姜产量和品质的影响及其数学模型的建立

采用二次饱和D- 最优设计，研究营养液pH 与盐交互胁迫对生姜产量和品质的影响，建立了以pH、盐水平为变量因子，生姜产量和品质为目标函数的二元二次数学模型。模型解析表明，pH 与盐水平对生姜的产量和品质存在显著的交互效应，盐水平为产量的主效应因子，pH 为品质的主效应因子。较低水平的pH 变化对生姜产量无显著影响，当pH 升至7.70时，生姜产量随pH 升高呈快速下降趋势；随盐含量的升高，生姜产量持续降低。随pH 的升高，生姜品质呈缓慢降低的趋势；盐含量在低于77.91 mmol · L^-1 时，生姜品质随盐含量的增加而升高，之后则随盐含量的增加而降低。     

Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.     

恩肥对平菇菌丝生长,产量及品质的影响

本文报道了恩肥的施用浓度、施用时期对平菇菌丝生长、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,施用恩肥可促进平菇菌丝生长和子实体发育,有利于提高产量及改善品质。用肥量为每1000ml PDA或每公斤干培养料0.2～0.3ml时,菌丝生长速度显著加快,长满袋的时间可缩短4～5d,子实体产量可提高45.7％～55.9％,蛋白质、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸分别增加25.8％、14.94％和11.32％。在不同施肥时期中,又以现蕾期喷施效果最佳。     

钾肥施用量对脐橙产量和品质的影响

１９９６～１９９９年连续４年在湖北省秭归县进行了脐橙钾肥施用量田间试验。结果表明，尽管各处理脐橙产量年度变化很大，但施钾显著提高产量和经济效益，１９９７～１９９９年施钾平均增产２６．３％～４１．８％，施钾（Ｋ２Ｏ）１２５、２５０、３７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２年均增加纯利 １０１１０、１５８４０、９９７０元／ｈｍ２，产投比分别为 １９．３８、１５．４０和７．０４；在试验条件下施钾（Ｋ２Ｏ）２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２增产效果最好；施钾有提高脐橙外观品质和内在品质的趋势，例如施钾提高或保持单果重、增加果皮厚度、提高维生素Ｃ含量等；但施钾对品质的影响年度间差异较大，尚需进一步研究。     

日本小麦精选系统中粒径分选机的精选效果

日本现行小麦精选系统的精选效果 ,因收获期小麦受雨害的程度而异。针对精选系统中粒径分选机的适用性 ,连续 3年在收获期小麦遭受雨害程度不同的情况下 ,对小麦内部品质与粒径的变化关系进行研究分析。明确了粒径分选机的适用与否 ,取决于收获期小麦的受雨害程度     

提高安徽烤烟上部叶可用性的技术思路与对策

分析了提高安徽烤烟上部叶可用性的重要性 ;根据安徽实际 ,提出了新的技术思路与对策     

苎麻／涤Sirofil纱的性能研究

对苎麻/涤Sirofil纱的性能进行了研究，并与苎麻环锭纱、Siro纱、包芯纱、plyfil纱进行了比较。结果显示，苎麻/涤Sirofil纱的性能要优于对照纱。     

湖南高品质棉研究进展与发展对策

根据国家将长江中下游棉区定位为50￣60支纱生产基地的区划要求,分析国内外及湖南棉区高品质棉的研究现状及发展前景,并针对限制湖南高品质棉发展的“瓶颈”因素提出了加强纺织技术改造,是当务之急,创造与引进优异新种质新材料、遗传品质改良工程,优异纤维品质的基因工程是根本途径,加速新品种选育是重中之重。